| estado |
| 1. n-m. country, land (any broad area or territory) | |
| 2. n-m. (proscribed) alt case, Estado, , state, a territory with a formally recognized sovereign government; administration, its government | |
| 3. n-m. state (a province, particularly a fairly autonomous one within a federation) | |
| 4. n-m. state, status (a condition) | |
| 5. n-m. (historical) estado, Spanish fathom (a traditional unit of length equivalent to about 167 cm) | |
| 6. Participle. past participle of estar | |
| estar |
| 1. v. to be (have a temporary or permanent location in space) | |
| ¿Dónde estás? - Where are you? | |
| Estoy en casa. - I am at home. | |
| 2. v. to be (denotes a copula, in a transient fashion) | |
| El tiempo estaba frío/caliente. - The weather was cold/hot back then. | |
| ¿Estás feliz? - Are you happy right now? | |
| 3. v. to be (auxiliary verb for the progressive/continuous aspect, preceding the gerund of the verb) | |
| Ella está cantando. - She is singing. | |
| 4. v. to be in a state (in a passive voice sense) | |
| Los vasos están rotos. - The vases are broken. (In passive voice with estar, unlike haber, its past participle agrees with number and gender of the subject) | |
| Llegaron y vieron que el hotel estaba abandonado. - They arrived and saw the hotel was abandoned. | |
| 5. v. to be, stay (denotes a copula, in a transient fashion) | |
| Estense callados y quietos. - Stay quiet and not moving. | |
| 6. v. to be to be done, to be (still) undone: | |
| Esto todavía está por hacer. - This is still to be done. | |
| Lo peor está por llegar. - The worst part is yet to come. | |
| 7. v. to be in a long-term state (in specific idioms) | |
| estar muerto/a - to be dead | |
| estar casado/a - to be married (can also be ser casado) | |
| estar chico/a - to be short (colloquially) | |
| de |
| 1. prep. of; 's; (used after the thing owned and before the owner) | |
| Constitución española de 1812 - Spanish constitution of 1812 | |
| la cola del perro - the dog’s tail | |
| 2. prep. from (with the source or provenance of or at) | |
| Soy de España. - I’m from Spain. | |
| agua de manantial - springwater | |
| 3. prep. of (expressing composition, substance) | |
| una mesa de madera - a wooden table | |
| 4. prep. about (concerning; with regard to) | |
| Están hablando del pasado. - They're talking about the past. | |
| tratarse de - to be about; to concern | |
| 5. prep. of, from (indicating cause) | |
| Murió de hambre. - He died of hunger. | |
| 6. prep. of (indicates a quality or characteristic) | |
| un hombre de fe - a man of faith | |
| 7. prep. from (with the origin, starting point or initial reference of or at) | |
| el vuelo de Miami a Chicago - the flight from Miami to Chicago | |
| 8. prep. of (indicates the subject or cause of the adjective) | |
| harto de - sick of; tired of | |
| 9. prep. from (with the separation, exclusion or differentiation of) | |
| Nos protege del frío. - It protects us from the cold. | |
| 10. prep. than (in certain phrases) | |
| más de - more than | |
| menos de - less than, fewer than | |
| 11. prep. (used to construct compound nouns (with attributive nouns)) | |
| campamento de verano - summer camp | |
| 12. prep. (followed by the infinitive) (indicates a conditional desire) | |
| De haberlo sabido, no lo habría dicho. - If I had known, I wouldn't have said it. | |
| 13. prep. indicates a time of day or period of someone's life | |
| de día - during the daytime | |
| de niño - as a child; during childhood | |
| 14. prep. (after a noun and before a verb) (indicates the purpose of an object) | |
| goma de mascar - chewing gum | |
| caña de pescar - fishing rod | |
| ánimo |
| 1. n-m. soul, spirit, mood | |
| No estoy de ánimo para… - I'm not in the mood to… | |
| ánimo y fuerza - courage and strength | |
| 2. n-m. vigour | |
| 3. interj. have courage!, cheer up!, keep your head up! good luck!, chin up! | |
| estado de ánimo |
| 1. n-m. mood, mood state | |
| 2. n-m. state of mind, frame of mind | |
| que |
| 1. conj. that | |
| Él dice que está triste. - He says that he is sad. | |
| 2. conj. than | |
| Llego más tarde que tú. - I am arriving later than you. | |
| 3. conj. (indicating a reason); because, for | |
| ¡Ve más lento, que es resbaloso! - Slow down, (for) it is slippery! | |
| 4. conj. (indicating desire or permission); may (used with the subjunctive) | |
| Que te vaya bien. - May it go well for you. | |
| Que Dios me perdone. - May God forgive me. | |
| 5. pron. who; that | |
| la estrella que está en la película - the star who is in the movie | |
| 6. pron. that; whom | |
| la mujer con la que yo hablé - the woman with whom I spoke | |
| 7. pron. that; which | |
| la casa que yo quiero - the house that I want | |
| 8. prep. than | |
| 9. prep. like, as | |
| 10. part. to | |
| hace |
| 1. v. third-person singular present indicative of hacer | |
| 2. prep. ago (Note: unlike in English, hace precedes the number.) | |
| Él nos visitó hace tres años. - He visited us three years ago. | |
| Lo compré hace poco. - I bought it not long ago. | |
| Mi padre y yo no nos hablamos desde hace un año. - My father and I don't talk since one year ago. | |
| 3. prep. (followed by que) in, it has been...since (a past period of time) | |
| Hace un mes que no te veo. - I haven’t seen you in a month. | |
| Hace quince años que mis padres se casaron. - It has been fifteen years since my parents got married. | |
| Hace dos años que no viajo a Europa. - It has been two years since I traveled to Europe. | |
| hacer |
| 1. v. to do | |
| ¿Qué haces? - What are you doing? | |
| No sé que hago. - I don't know what I'm doing. | |
| Prefiero no hacerlo - I prefer not to do it. | |
| 2. v. to make (something) | |
| Empecemos a hacer el pastel. - Let's start making the cake. | |
| Le gustaba hacer poemas placenteros. - She liked to make pleasant poems. | |
| 3. v. to make (e.g. someone do something or feel a certain way.) | |
| No sabe cómo hacerla feliz. - He doesn't know how to make her happy. | |
| Lo hiciste llorar / Hiciste que llorara. - You made him cry. | |
| 4. v. to be | |
| hace frío - it's cold | |
| hace calor - it's hot | |
| hace sol - it's sunny | |
| hace viento - it's windy | |
| 5. v. to go (to release or excrete (urine, excrement)) | |
| hacer pis, pipí, el número uno - to pee | |
| hacer caca, pupú, el número dos - to poo | |
| 6. v. (ambitransitive, optionally with de) to play (a part in a play) | |
| hacer la princesa - to play the princess | |
| hacer de princesa - to play a princess | |
| hacer de Óscar - to play (the character of) Oscar | |
| 7. v. to become; to get | |
| ¡Hazte vegetariano! - Become vegetarian! | |
| Me haré rico. - I will get rich. | |
| Ese niño se hizo todo un hombre. - That boy became a real man. | |
| 8. v. to pretend being, play | |
| hacerse el tonto - to pretend being a fool, play the fool | |
| hacerse la víctima - to play the victim | |
| Háganse los sofisticados si quieren, igual nadie les cree. - You can pretend to be sophisticated if you want, no one believes you anyway. | |
| 9. v. to play the fool | |
| No te hagás: vos sabés lo que hiciste. - Don't play the fool, you know what you did. | |
| 10. v. to prep, adorn, do (a body part) | |
| hacerse las uñas - to do one's nails | |
| 11. v. to get used to (chiefly in idioms) | |
| El cuerpo se hace a las fatigas. - The body gets used to tiredness. | |
| El caballo se hace al fuego. - A horse gets used to fire (for the Luminarias). | |
| 12. v. to arrive (said of a certain time), be now | |
| Se hace tarde. - It's getting late. | |
| Se hicieron las doce. - It was now/suddenly 12 o'clock. | |
| 13. n-m. task, action | |
| Nos quedan muchos haceres. - We have a lot of tasks left. | |
| emprender |
| 1. v. to undertake, to engage in | |
| 2. v. to take (e.g. actions, steps, initiatives, an approach, a path) | |
| 3. v. to start, to launch, to initiate, to begin (e.g. a project, an investigation, a business venture, a negotiation) | |
| 4. v. to set out on, to set forth on (a journey) | |
| Y |
| 1. Letter. the 26th letter of the Spanish alphabet | |
| 2. conj. and | |
| 3. conj. (in names of number) and | |
| setenta y seis - seventy-six | |
| 4. conj. (in arithmetic) plus, and | |
| uno y uno son dos - one plus one is two | |
| 5. conj. (informal) well | |
| ¡Y por supuesto! - Well, of course! | |
| 6. conj. (informal) what about, how about, where is/are the | |
| Pero, ¿y el concierto? ¿Ya no vamos? - But what about the concert? Are we not going anymore? | |
| ¿Y la niña? ¿Está a salvo? - How about the girl? Is she safe? | |
| ¿Y los archivos? Debo echarles un vistazo. - Where are the files? I should take a look at them. | |
| continuar |
| 1. v. to continue, to carry on | |
| 2. v. to go off on, to go off of | |
| Eso no es mucho para continuar. - That's not a lot to go off of. | |
| 3. v. (impersonal, takes a reflexive pronoun) to continue, to be continued | |
| Deben continuarse los esfuerzos. - Efforts must continue. | |
| con |
| 1. prep. with | |
| 2. prep. on | |
| Yo cuento con ustedes. - I count on you. | |
| las |
| 1. art. the | |
| 2. pron. accusative of ellas and ustedes (when referring to more than one woman); them, you all (formal) | |
| 3. pron. feminine plural pronoun | |
| las que no hablan - those (women) who do not speak | |
| 4. n. plural of la | |
| la |
| 1. art. the | |
| 2. pron. accusative of ella, ello (when the antecedent's implied gender is feminine), and usted (when referring to a woman); her, it, you (formal) | |
| 3. pron. (impersonal neuter pronoun (accusative) in certain colloquial phrases): it, this | |
| La sabe toda. - He/she knows everything (it all) | |
| ¡Dónde la viste! - Where have you seen this! | |
| No te la creo. - I don't believe you. | |
| 4. n-m. (music) la (sixth note of the scale) | |
| 5. n-m. (music) A (the musical note or key) | |
| tareas |
| 1. n. plural of tarea | |
| tarea |
| 1. n-f. task | |
| 2. n-f. homework | |
| más |
| 1. adv. more; -er (used to make comparisons) | |
| Teresa es más lista que su hermano. - Teresa is more clever than her brother. | |
| Hay más de cien personas aquí. - There are more than a hundred people here. | |
| 2. adv. (with definite article) most; -est (used to make superlatives) | |
| Teresa es la más inteligente de la clase. - Teresa is the most intelligent in her class. | |
| la cosa más grande - the biggest thing | |
| 3. adv. furthermore | |
| 4. adv. in addition | |
| 5. adv. else | |
| algo más - something/anything else | |
| nadie más - nobody else | |
| 6. adv. used with qué to express emphasis | |
| ¡Qué paisaje más hermoso! - What a pretty landscape! | |
| ¡Qué niño más tonto! - What a silly boy! | |
| 7. det. more, any more | |
| 8. det. most | |
| 9. conj. (mathematics) plus | |
| uno más uno es igual a dos - one plus one is equal to two | |
| arduas |
| 1. adj. feminine plural of arduo | |
| arduo |
| 1. adj. very difficult | |
| 2. adj. arduous | |
