| il |
| 1. pron. he (third-person singular masculine subject pronoun for human subject) | |
| Il est parti. - He left. | |
| 2. pron. it (third-person singular subject pronoun for grammatically masculine objects) | |
| Je cherche mon livre. Où est-il ? - I'm looking for my book. Where is it? | |
| 3. pron. (impersonal pronoun) Impersonal subject; it | |
| Il pleut. - It’s raining. | |
| est |
| 1. adj. east | |
| 2. n-m. east | |
| 3. v. third-person singular present indicative of être | |
| être |
| 1. v. to be | |
| Vous devez être plus clairs. - You must be clearer. | |
| 2. v. (auxiliary) Used to form the perfect and pluperfect tense of (including all reflexive verbs) | |
| Après être allé au yoga, je suis rentré chez moi. - After having gone to yoga, I came back home. | |
| 3. v. (semi-auxiliary) to be (Used to form the passive voice) | |
| Il peut être battu ce soir. - He can be beaten this evening. | |
| 4. n-m. being, creature | |
| 5. n-m. being, the state or fact of existence | |
| revenu |
| 1. Participle. past participle of revenir | |
| Est-il revenu ? - Is he back? | |
| 2. n-m. revenue | |
| 3. n-m. income | |
| impôt sur le revenu - income tax | |
| à revenu fixe - fixed interest | |
| 4. n-m. (steel) drawing, tempering | |
| revenir |
| 1. v. to come back, to return | |
| Je reviens de vacances. - I'm coming back from holiday. | |
| Je n'ai pas l'intention de revenir à Paris. - I am not planning on returning to Paris. | |
| 2. v. (indtr, sur) to recant | |
| revenir sur sa décision - to go back on one's decision | |
| revenir sur sa parole - to go back on one's word | |
| 3. v. (cooking, preceded by faire) to brown | |
| Mettez un peu de beurre et d’huile et faites revenir sur le gaz. - Put in a bit of butter and oil and brown on the gas cooker. | |
| de |
| 1. prep. of (expresses belonging) | |
| Paris est la capitale de la France. - Paris is the capital of France. | |
| 2. prep. of (used to express property or association) | |
| Œuvres de Fermat - Fermat’s Works | |
| Elle est la femme de mon ami. - She is my friend’s wife. | |
| le voisin de Gabriel - Gabriel's neighbor | |
| 3. prep. from (used to indicate origin) | |
| Elle vient de France. - She comes from France. | |
| Êtes-vous de Suisse ? - Are you from Switzerland? | |
| Ce fromage vient d’Espagne. - This cheese is from Spain. | |
| C’est de l’ouest de la France. - It’s from the west of France. | |
| Le train va de Paris à Bordeaux. - The train goes from Paris to Bordeaux. | |
| 4. prep. of (indicates an amount) | |
| 5 kilos de pommes. - 5 kilograms of apples. | |
| Un verre de vin - A glass of wine | |
| Une portion de frites - A portion of fries | |
| 5. prep. used attributively, often translated into English as a compound word | |
| Un jus de pomme - Apple juice | |
| Un verre de vin - A glass of wine | |
| Une boîte de nuit - A nightclub | |
| Un chien de garde - A guarddog | |
| Une voiture de sport - A sportscar | |
| Un stade de football - A football stadium | |
| 6. prep. from (used to indicate the start of a time or range) | |
| De 9:00 à 11:00 je ne serai pas libre. - From 9 to 11 I won’t be free. | |
| Je travaille de huit heures à midi. - I work from 8 o'clock to noon. | |
| un groupe de cinq à huit personnes - a group of from five to eight people | |
| 7. prep. used after certain verbs before an infinitive, often translated into English as a gerund or an infinitive | |
| J’ai arrêté de fumer. - I stopped smoking. | |
| Il continue de m’embêter. - He keeps annoying me. | |
| Elle m’a dit de venir. - She told me to come. | |
| Nous vous exhortons de venir. - We urge you to come. | |
| 8. prep. by (indicates the amount of change) | |
| Boire trois tasses par jour réduirait de 20 % les risques de contracter une maladie. - Drinking three cups a day would reduce the risks of catching an illness by 20%. | |
| 9. art. Used in the plural with prepositioned adjectives. | |
| Ce sont de bons enfants. - They are good children. | |
| Il y a d’autres exemples. - There are other examples. | |
| 10. art. Used in negated sentences with the grammatical object. | |
| Elle n’a pas de mère. - She doesn’t have a mother. | |
| Il ne mange pas de viande. - He doesn’t eat meat. | |
| Il n’y a pas de problèmes. - There are no problems. | |
| 11. n-f. abbreviation of dame | |
| vacances |
| 1. n. plural of vacance | |
| vacance |
| 1. n-f. vacancy, free position | |
| 2. n-f. (plural only) holidays | |
| Attention, les gars, écoutez. Les vacances sont terminées ; aujourd'hui on se remet au travail. - Attention, guys, listen. The holidays are finished ; today we get back to work. | |
| 3. n-f. vacation | |
| avec |
| 1. prep. (accompaniment) with | |
| Je suis revenu avec lui. - I have returned with him. | |
| Voudriez-vous y aller avec moi ? - Would you like to come with me? | |
| Ils m'ont dit qu'ils étaient avec toi. - They told me that they were with you. | |
| 2. prep. (manner, instrument) with | |
| Je l'ai fait avec plaisir. - I did it with pleasure. | |
| 3. adv. (informal) too, also | |
| Il en est vraiment content. —Bien, moi avec. - He's really happy about it. —Well, me too. | |
| la |
| 1. art. the (definite article) | |
| 2. pron. her, it (direct object) | |
| Où est Judith ? Je ne la vois pas. - Where is Judith? I don't see her. | |
| Prends cette boîte et mets-la dans le coin. - Take that box and put it in the corner. | |
| 3. n-m. (music) la, the note 'A' | |
| peau |
| 1. n-f. skin of a person or animal | |
| 2. n-f. hide, fur | |
| 3. n-f. skin (protective outer layer of a plant or fruit) | |
| 4. n-f. pellicule formed on top of certain prepared foods | |
| Noire |
| 1. n-f. female equivalent of Noir | |
| 2. adj. feminine singular of noir | |
| 3. n-f. (music) quarter note | |
| noir |
| 1. adj. black in colour | |
| Ce chat est noir. - This cat is black. | |
| 2. adj. dark | |
| Il fait encore noir dehors. - It is still dark outside. | |
| 3. adj. drunk; inebriated | |
| Il est noir. - He is drunk. | |
| 4. adj. black, of black ethnicity | |
| Il est noir. - He is black. | |
| 5. n-m. a black person | |
| 6. n-m. a person whose hair is dark | |
| 7. n-m. dark; darkness | |
| Je suis seul dans le noir. - I'm alone in the dark. | |
