| en |
| 1. prep. in (used to indicate space, also see usage notes) | |
| J'habite en Angleterre. - I live in England. | |
| 2. prep. to (indicates direction towards certain very large locations, see usage notes) | |
| Il est allé en France. - He went to France. | |
| 3. prep. by (used to indicate means) | |
| aller en bus - go by bus | |
| partir en voiture - leave by car | |
| 4. prep. as | |
| Il me traite en ami. - He treats me as a friend. | |
| habillé en père Noël - dressed as Father Christmas | |
| 5. prep. at (used to describe an ability) | |
| fort en histoire - good at history | |
| 6. prep. of, made of (used to describe composition) | |
| une chaise en hêtre - a chair made of beech/a beech chair | |
| une fourchette en métal - a fork made of metal/a metal fork | |
| 7. prep. in (during the following time (used for months and years)) | |
| en 1993 - in 1993 | |
| en janvier - in January | |
| en septembre 2001 - in September 2001 | |
| 8. prep. (followed by a gerund) while | |
| 9. prep. (followed by a gerund) by, in describing a way of getting something | |
| C'est en trichant qu'il est devenu champion. - It was by cheating that he became champion. | |
| 10. prep. in (used to describe color) | |
| une photo en noir et blanc - a photo in black and white | |
| 11. prep. in (used to describe feelings) | |
| en détresse - in distress | |
| 12. prep. in (as part of something) | |
| en équipe - on a team | |
| 13. pron. (Used as the object of a verb to indicate an indefinite quantity; of it, of them. Replaces the partitive article (du, de la, etc.)) | |
| Essaies-en ! - Try some (of it / them)! | |
| Tu as combien de livres ? J'en ai trois. - How many books do you have? I have three (of them). | |
| Y a-t-il beaucoup de pièces ? Oui. Il y en a beaucoup. - Are there many rooms? Yes, there are many (of them). | |
| Martin a trois sandwichs, mais j'en ai seulement deux. - Martin has three sandwiches, but I have only two (of them). | |
| Il y en a combien ? - How many of them are there? | |
| Je bois de l'alcool parce que j'en ai besoin - I drink alcohol because I need (of) it. | |
| 14. pron. Adverbial preposition indicating movement away from a place already mentioned; from there, from it. Replaces the phrase de là or d’ici. | |
| Est-ce qu'elle vient de Barcelone ? Oui, elle en vient. - Does she come from Barcelona? Yes, she comes (from there). | |
| effet |
| 1. n-m. effect | |
| 2. n-m. (ball sports) spin, bend, curl | |
| en effet |
| 1. adv. indeed | |
| Dieu |
| 1. Proper noun. God | |
| 2. n-m. a god, male divinity | |
| pense |
| 1. v. first-person singular present of penser | |
| 2. v. third-person singular present of penser | |
| 3. v. second-person singular imperative of penser | |
| penser |
| 1. v. to think, reflect, concentrate one's mind on something | |
| Penser tout haut. - Think aloud, speak one's mind freely. | |
| 2. v. to estimate, imagine, believe | |
| Vous n'en êtes pas où vous pensez. - You are not where you think you are. | |
| Il y a, je pense, dix kilomètres de chez vous chez moi. - It is ten kilometres, I estimate, from your place to my place. | |
| J'irai vous voir demain, je pense. - I will see you tomorrow, I suppose. | |
| La chose n'est pas si facile qu'on le pense. - The thing is not as simple as one might believe. | |
| Je ne pensais pas que vous vous méprendriez sur le sens de mes paroles. - I didn't imagine you would be mistaken on the sense of my words. | |
| 3. v. (originally with a que sentence) to be of the opinion that, believe | |
| Je pensais qu'il était de vos amis. - I thought he was a friend. | |
| Je veux être d'accord avec toi, mais je ne pense pas que nous ayons besoin de son aide. - I want to agree with you, but I don't think we need his help. | |
| Je pense comme vous. - I agree with your view. | |
| Il ne dit rien qu'il ne pense. - He doesn't say anything he doesn't believe. | |
| Dites librement ce que vous pensez. - Cavalierly state your opinion. | |
| J'espère qu'il ne pense pas ce qu'il dit. - I hope he doesn't believe what he is saying. | |
| Faites-moi connaître votre façon de penser. - Tell me how you think about it. | |
| Pensez-vous ? - Do you really believe that? (1935, punning at the dialogue partner's missing belief in his own statement) | |
| 4. v. to be absorbed by a worry or depressing thoughts | |
| 5. v. to conceive a project | |
| 6. v. (with de + object) to evoke the image or remembrance of someone in one's mind | |
| Penser d'aucun. | |
| 7. v. (with à + object) to attach one's thinking to someone, especially lovingly | |
| Pensez à moi. - Think of me. | |
| Il ne pense qu'à celle qu'il aime. - He only thinks but of his beloved. | |
| 8. v. (with infinitive) to believe being or doing something | |
| Il pense être plus habile que les autres. - He believes being smarter than others. | |
| Il ne pensait pas être observé. - He didn't think he was being observed. | |
| J'ai pensé mourir. - I thought I was going to die. | |
| 9. v. (with mal or bien + de + object) to think well or badly, to have a high or low opinion of someone | |
| C'est un homme qui pense toujours mal des autres. - It's a man who always thinks badly of others. | |
| Je ne pense de cette affaire ni bien ni mal. - I don't think neither well nor badly of this affair. | |
| Que pensez-vous de cet homme ? - What do you think about this man? | |
| 10. v. (with de + infinitive) to try or prepare to do something | |
| Penser de faire qqc. | |
| 11. v. to reflect on something | |
| Soi penser qqc. | |
| 12. v. (with à + object) to bear, keep something in mind, to consider something | |
| Le mal vient sans qu'on y pense. - Evil comes without one thinking of it. | |
| Faire ou dire une chose sans penser à mal. - Do or say something without meaning to harm. | |
| À quoi pensez-vous ? - What are you thinking? | |
| 13. v. (with infinitive) to intend to do, aim at doing something | |
| Je pensais aller vous voir. - I fancied paying you a visit. | |
| Que pensez-vous faire ? - What do you intend to do? | |
| 14. v. to have something in one's mind (c. 1220 in Barlaam et Josaphat, ed. C. Appel, 5623) | |
| C'est un homme qui ne dit jamais ce qu'il pense. - That's a man who never says what he thinks. | |
| Il pense beaucoup de choses qu'il ne dit pas. - He thinks a lot of things he doesn't say. | |
| 15. v. (with à + infinitive) to intend to do, aim at doing something | |
| À quoi pensez-vous de vous conduire ainsi ? - What are you aiming at by behaving like this? | |
| Je suis trop de vos amis pour avoir pensé à vous nuire. - I am too much your friend to think of harming you. | |
| Je pensais à aller vous voir hier. - I considered to visit you yesterday. | |
| 16. v. (with mal, obsolete) to intend to do something bad | |
| Penser mal. | |
| 17. v. (with à + object) to take care of | |
| Il nous a reçus admirablement, il a pensé à tout. - He has welcomed us admirably, he has thought of everything. | |
| 18. v. (with bien, in politics, religion, moral) to have opinions in accordance with the agreed principles | |
| Bien penser. | |
| 19. v. (with adverb or adverbial expression) to have a certain intellectual tendency, preference or property | |
| Penser finement, noblement, singulièrement, hardiment. - To think finely, nobly, in a singular way, boldly. | |
| Penser avec justesse. - To think with accuracy. | |
| Penser juste. - To think in the right way. | |
| en |
| 1. prep. in (used to indicate space, also see usage notes) | |
| J'habite en Angleterre. - I live in England. | |
| 2. prep. to (indicates direction towards certain very large locations, see usage notes) | |
| Il est allé en France. - He went to France. | |
| 3. prep. by (used to indicate means) | |
| aller en bus - go by bus | |
| partir en voiture - leave by car | |
| 4. prep. as | |
| Il me traite en ami. - He treats me as a friend. | |
| habillé en père Noël - dressed as Father Christmas | |
| 5. prep. at (used to describe an ability) | |
| fort en histoire - good at history | |
| 6. prep. of, made of (used to describe composition) | |
| une chaise en hêtre - a chair made of beech/a beech chair | |
| une fourchette en métal - a fork made of metal/a metal fork | |
| 7. prep. in (during the following time (used for months and years)) | |
| en 1993 - in 1993 | |
| en janvier - in January | |
| en septembre 2001 - in September 2001 | |
| 8. prep. (followed by a gerund) while | |
| 9. prep. (followed by a gerund) by, in describing a way of getting something | |
| C'est en trichant qu'il est devenu champion. - It was by cheating that he became champion. | |
| 10. prep. in (used to describe color) | |
| une photo en noir et blanc - a photo in black and white | |
| 11. prep. in (used to describe feelings) | |
| en détresse - in distress | |
| 12. prep. in (as part of something) | |
| en équipe - on a team | |
| 13. pron. (Used as the object of a verb to indicate an indefinite quantity; of it, of them. Replaces the partitive article (du, de la, etc.)) | |
| Essaies-en ! - Try some (of it / them)! | |
| Tu as combien de livres ? J'en ai trois. - How many books do you have? I have three (of them). | |
| Y a-t-il beaucoup de pièces ? Oui. Il y en a beaucoup. - Are there many rooms? Yes, there are many (of them). | |
| Martin a trois sandwichs, mais j'en ai seulement deux. - Martin has three sandwiches, but I have only two (of them). | |
| Il y en a combien ? - How many of them are there? | |
| Je bois de l'alcool parce que j'en ai besoin - I drink alcohol because I need (of) it. | |
| 14. pron. Adverbial preposition indicating movement away from a place already mentioned; from there, from it. Replaces the phrase de là or d’ici. | |
| Est-ce qu'elle vient de Barcelone ? Oui, elle en vient. - Does she come from Barcelona? Yes, she comes (from there). | |
| nous |
| 1. pron. the plural personal pronoun in the first person: | |
| 2. pron. (subject pronoun) we. | |
| 3. pron. (object pronoun) us, to us. | |
| 4. pron. (royal, obsolete) we (as the royal we) | |
| 5. n-m. the nous, (divine) reason in philosophy | |
| puisque |
| 1. conj. since, because | |
| Puisqu’il ne sera pas de retour avant cinq heures, je propose que nous commencions sans lui. - Since he will not be back before 5 o’clock, I suggest we begin without him. | |
| notre |
| 1. det. (possessive) our | |
| C'est notre maison. - It's our house. | |
| Notre Père, qui es aux cieux... - Our Father, who art in Heaven... | |
| âme |
| 1. n-f. (religion, philosophy) soul | |
| 2. n-f. (moral, intellectual centre) soul, heart, mind | |
| 3. n-f. soul, person | |
| C'est un village de 800 âmes. - It's a village of 800 souls. | |
| 4. n-f. bore (of a cannon) | |
| 5. n-f. (lutherie) soundpost (of a violin etc.) | |
| est |
| 1. adj. east | |
| 2. n-m. east | |
| 3. v. third-person singular present indicative of être | |
| être |
| 1. v. to be | |
| Vous devez être plus clairs. - You must be clearer. | |
| 2. v. (auxiliary) Used to form the perfect and pluperfect tense of (including all reflexive verbs) | |
| Après être allé au yoga, je suis rentré chez moi. - After having gone to yoga, I came back home. | |
| 3. v. (semi-auxiliary) to be (Used to form the passive voice) | |
| Il peut être battu ce soir. - He can be beaten this evening. | |
| 4. n-m. being, creature | |
| 5. n-m. being, the state or fact of existence | |
| une |
| 1. num. feminine singular of un | |
| 2. art. a / an (feminine indefinite article) | |
| 3. n-f. front page (of a publication) | |
| émanation |
| 1. n-f. emanation, emission | |
| Face à la trop forte émanation de gaz à effet de serre dans l'atmosphère, le nucléaire apparaît de plus en plus comme une réponse, devenant ainsi l'énergie "propre" de demain. - Faced with the | |
| directe |
| 1. adj. feminine singular of direct | |
| direct |
| 1. adj. direct | |
| 2. n-m. (media) live broadcast, live reporting | |
| (synonyms, live) | |
| 3. adv. (colloquial) directly | |
| Si t'as pas envie d'y aller, dis-le direct. - If you don't want to go, say it straight up. | |
| de |
| 1. prep. of (expresses belonging) | |
| Paris est la capitale de la France. - Paris is the capital of France. | |
| 2. prep. of (used to express property or association) | |
| Œuvres de Fermat - Fermat’s Works | |
| Elle est la femme de mon ami. - She is my friend’s wife. | |
| le voisin de Gabriel - Gabriel's neighbor | |
| 3. prep. from (used to indicate origin) | |
| Elle vient de France. - She comes from France. | |
| Êtes-vous de Suisse ? - Are you from Switzerland? | |
| Ce fromage vient d’Espagne. - This cheese is from Spain. | |
| C’est de l’ouest de la France. - It’s from the west of France. | |
| Le train va de Paris à Bordeaux. - The train goes from Paris to Bordeaux. | |
| 4. prep. of (indicates an amount) | |
| 5 kilos de pommes. - 5 kilograms of apples. | |
| Un verre de vin - A glass of wine | |
| Une portion de frites - A portion of fries | |
| 5. prep. used attributively, often translated into English as a compound word | |
| Un jus de pomme - Apple juice | |
| Un verre de vin - A glass of wine | |
| Une boîte de nuit - A nightclub | |
| Un chien de garde - A guarddog | |
| Une voiture de sport - A sportscar | |
| Un stade de football - A football stadium | |
| 6. prep. from (used to indicate the start of a time or range) | |
| De 9:00 à 11:00 je ne serai pas libre. - From 9 to 11 I won’t be free. | |
| Je travaille de huit heures à midi. - I work from 8 o'clock to noon. | |
| un groupe de cinq à huit personnes - a group of from five to eight people | |
| 7. prep. used after certain verbs before an infinitive, often translated into English as a gerund or an infinitive | |
| J’ai arrêté de fumer. - I stopped smoking. | |
| Il continue de m’embêter. - He keeps annoying me. | |
| Elle m’a dit de venir. - She told me to come. | |
| Nous vous exhortons de venir. - We urge you to come. | |
| 8. prep. by (indicates the amount of change) | |
| Boire trois tasses par jour réduirait de 20 % les risques de contracter une maladie. - Drinking three cups a day would reduce the risks of catching an illness by 20%. | |
| 9. art. Used in the plural with prepositioned adjectives. | |
| Ce sont de bons enfants. - They are good children. | |
| Il y a d’autres exemples. - There are other examples. | |
| 10. art. Used in negated sentences with the grammatical object. | |
| Elle n’a pas de mère. - She doesn’t have a mother. | |
| Il ne mange pas de viande. - He doesn’t eat meat. | |
| Il n’y a pas de problèmes. - There are no problems. | |
| 11. n-f. abbreviation of dame | |
| son |
| 1. n-m. sound | |
| Le son de ce piano est agréable. (The sound of this piano is nice.) | |
| 2. det. (possessive) his, her, their, its (used to qualify masculine nouns and before a vowel) | |
| Elle a perdu son chapeau. - She lost her hat. | |
| Il a perdu son chapeau. - He lost his hat. | |
| J'aime son amie. - I like his/her girlfriend. | |
| La décision a été prise pendant son absence. - The decision was taken in her/his absence. | |
| 3. n-m. bran | |
| Ceci est du pain de son. - This bread is done with bran. | |
| essence |
| 1. n-f. (philosophy, theology) essence | |
| 2. n-f. petrol, gasoline | |
| 3. n-f. essence, essential oil | |
