| en |
| 1. prep. in (used to indicate space, also see usage notes) | |
| J'habite en Angleterre. - I live in England. | |
| 2. prep. to (indicates direction towards certain very large locations, see usage notes) | |
| Il est allé en France. - He went to France. | |
| 3. prep. by (used to indicate means) | |
| aller en bus - go by bus | |
| partir en voiture - leave by car | |
| 4. prep. as | |
| Il me traite en ami. - He treats me as a friend. | |
| habillé en père Noël - dressed as Father Christmas | |
| 5. prep. at (used to describe an ability) | |
| fort en histoire - good at history | |
| 6. prep. of, made of (used to describe composition) | |
| une chaise en hêtre - a chair made of beech/a beech chair | |
| une fourchette en métal - a fork made of metal/a metal fork | |
| 7. prep. in (during the following time (used for months and years)) | |
| en 1993 - in 1993 | |
| en janvier - in January | |
| en septembre 2001 - in September 2001 | |
| 8. prep. (followed by a gerund) while | |
| 9. prep. (followed by a gerund) by, in describing a way of getting something | |
| C'est en trichant qu'il est devenu champion. - It was by cheating that he became champion. | |
| 10. prep. in (used to describe color) | |
| une photo en noir et blanc - a photo in black and white | |
| 11. prep. in (used to describe feelings) | |
| en détresse - in distress | |
| 12. prep. in (as part of something) | |
| en équipe - on a team | |
| 13. pron. (Used as the object of a verb to indicate an indefinite quantity; of it, of them. Replaces the partitive article (du, de la, etc.)) | |
| Essaies-en ! - Try some (of it / them)! | |
| Tu as combien de livres ? J'en ai trois. - How many books do you have? I have three (of them). | |
| Y a-t-il beaucoup de pièces ? Oui. Il y en a beaucoup. - Are there many rooms? Yes, there are many (of them). | |
| Martin a trois sandwichs, mais j'en ai seulement deux. - Martin has three sandwiches, but I have only two (of them). | |
| Il y en a combien ? - How many of them are there? | |
| Je bois de l'alcool parce que j'en ai besoin - I drink alcohol because I need (of) it. | |
| 14. pron. Adverbial preposition indicating movement away from a place already mentioned; from there, from it. Replaces the phrase de là or d’ici. | |
| Est-ce qu'elle vient de Barcelone ? Oui, elle en vient. - Does she come from Barcelona? Yes, she comes (from there). | |
| aucun |
| 1. det. (with ne) no, none, not any | |
| Il n'a aucun désir de construire des temples. - He has no desire to build temples. | |
| 2. pron. (with ne) none, no-one | |
| Aucun d'entre eux n'a été capable de répondre. - No one among them could give an answer. | |
| Aucun de ses amis ne sait où il est. - None of his friends knows where he is. | |
| cas |
| 1. n-m. case, situation | |
| dans la très grande majorité des cas - in the great majority of cases | |
| 2. n-m. (medicine) case | |
| 3. n-m. (law) case | |
| cas clinique - clinical case | |
| 4. n-m. (grammar) case | |
| en aucun cas |
| 1. adv. under no circumstances, on no account | |
| tu |
| 1. pron. you (singular); thou | |
| 2. Participle. past participle of taire | |
| 3. part. (Quebec, informal) (question marker) | |
| C'est-tu possible ? - Is it possible? | |
| taire |
| 1. v. to quieten, to shut up, to silence | |
| Faites taire vos enfants ! - Shut your children up! | |
| 2. v. to shut up (one's self), to be quiet, to fall silent, to stop talking | |
| Tais-toi! - Be quiet!/Shut up! | |
| 3. v. To keep (a matter) quiet, to keep secret, not to say | |
| Je l'ai entendu de quelqu'un dont je préfère taire le nom. - I heard it from someone whose name I'd rather keep to myself. | |
| ne |
| 1. part. (literary) not (used alone to negate a verb; now chiefly with only a few particular verbs: see usage notes) | |
| 2. part. not, no (used before a verb, with a coordinating negative element usually following; see Usage Notes, below) | |
| 3. part. (Used in a subordinate clause before a subjunctive verb (especially when the main verb expresses doubt or fear), to provide extra overtones of doubt or uncertainty (but not negating its verb); the so- | |
| 4. part. In comparative clauses usually translated with the positive sense of the subsequent negative | |
| Apprendre le français est plus facile qu'on ne pense. - Learning French is easier than you (might) think. | |
| dois |
| 1. v. first-person singular present indicative of devoir | |
| 2. v. second-person singular present indicative of devoir | |
| devoir |
| 1. n-m. duty | |
| manquer à son devoir, manquer à tous ses devoirs - to fail in one's duty, duties | |
| Il est de mon devoir de protéger le roi. - It is my duty to protect the king. | |
| 2. n-m. exercise, assignment (set for homework) | |
| 3. v. must, to have to, should (as a requirement) | |
| Les auteurs d'un dictionnaire doivent déterminer au départ les catégories de mots à retenir, en fonction des limites imposées par l'éditeur et du public visé. - The authors of a dictionary have | |
| 4. v. (present) must | |
| 5. v. (conditional) should | |
| 6. v. must, to do or have with certainty | |
| 7. v. to owe (money, obligation and etc) | |
| 8. v. (literary, intransitive, in imperfect subjunctive, with inversion of subject) (even) though it be necessary (+ infinitive) | |
| 9. v. to have a duty to | |
| toucher |
| 1. n-m. the act of touching (see below) | |
| 2. n-m. a way of touching | |
| 3. n-m. the sense of touch, tactility | |
| 4. v. to touch (physically) | |
| Ne me touche pas! - Don't touch me! | |
| 5. v. to affect | |
| La maladie touche actuellement 2 millions de personnes. - The disease currently affects 2 million people. | |
| 6. v. To try, to try out | |
| Je n'ai jamais touché au tabac. - I've never tried tobacco. | |
| 7. v. Short for toucher sa bille. To be skillful | |
| Ce mec est un ancien critique d'art. Je peux te dire qu'il touche en peinture! - This guy is a former art critic. Believe me, he knows a thing or two about painting! | |
| 8. v. to receive, to get | |
| cet |
| 1. det. this | |
| interrupteur |
| 1. n-m. switch | |
