| des |
| 1. art. plural of un | |
| 2. art. plural of une | |
| 3. art. plural of du | |
| 4. art. plural of de la | |
| 5. art. plural of de l' | |
| 6. contraction. contraction of de les (of the, from the, some) | |
| de |
| 1. prep. of (expresses belonging) | |
| Paris est la capitale de la France. - Paris is the capital of France. | |
| 2. prep. of (used to express property or association) | |
| Œuvres de Fermat - Fermat’s Works | |
| Elle est la femme de mon ami. - She is my friend’s wife. | |
| le voisin de Gabriel - Gabriel's neighbor | |
| 3. prep. from (used to indicate origin) | |
| Elle vient de France. - She comes from France. | |
| Êtes-vous de Suisse ? - Are you from Switzerland? | |
| Ce fromage vient d’Espagne. - This cheese is from Spain. | |
| C’est de l’ouest de la France. - It’s from the west of France. | |
| Le train va de Paris à Bordeaux. - The train goes from Paris to Bordeaux. | |
| 4. prep. of (indicates an amount) | |
| 5 kilos de pommes. - 5 kilograms of apples. | |
| Un verre de vin - A glass of wine | |
| Une portion de frites - A portion of fries | |
| 5. prep. used attributively, often translated into English as a compound word | |
| Un jus de pomme - Apple juice | |
| Un verre de vin - A glass of wine | |
| Une boîte de nuit - A nightclub | |
| Un chien de garde - A guarddog | |
| Une voiture de sport - A sportscar | |
| Un stade de football - A football stadium | |
| 6. prep. from (used to indicate the start of a time or range) | |
| De 9:00 à 11:00 je ne serai pas libre. - From 9 to 11 I won’t be free. | |
| Je travaille de huit heures à midi. - I work from 8 o'clock to noon. | |
| un groupe de cinq à huit personnes - a group of from five to eight people | |
| 7. prep. used after certain verbs before an infinitive, often translated into English as a gerund or an infinitive | |
| J’ai arrêté de fumer. - I stopped smoking. | |
| Il continue de m’embêter. - He keeps annoying me. | |
| Elle m’a dit de venir. - She told me to come. | |
| Nous vous exhortons de venir. - We urge you to come. | |
| 8. prep. by (indicates the amount of change) | |
| Boire trois tasses par jour réduirait de 20 % les risques de contracter une maladie. - Drinking three cups a day would reduce the risks of catching an illness by 20%. | |
| 9. art. Used in the plural with prepositioned adjectives. | |
| Ce sont de bons enfants. - They are good children. | |
| Il y a d’autres exemples. - There are other examples. | |
| 10. art. Used in negated sentences with the grammatical object. | |
| Elle n’a pas de mère. - She doesn’t have a mother. | |
| Il ne mange pas de viande. - He doesn’t eat meat. | |
| Il n’y a pas de problèmes. - There are no problems. | |
| 11. n-f. abbreviation of dame | |
| les |
| 1. art. plural of le: the | |
| 2. art. plural of la: the | |
| 3. pron. plural of le: them | |
| 4. pron. plural of la: them | |
| de l' |
| 1. art. some; the singular prevocalic partitive article | |
| Voudriez-vous de l’ail ? - Would you like some garlic? | |
| responsables |
| 1. n. plural of responsable | |
| culturels |
| 1. adj. masculine plural of culturel | |
| culturel |
| 1. adj. cultural | |
| ayant |
| 1. Participle. present participle of avoir; having, with | |
| les pays ayant les taux les plus élevés - the countries with the highest rates | |
| 2. n-m. haver, holder | |
| avoir |
| 1. n-m. asset, possession | |
| 2. v. to have (to own; to possess) | |
| J'aimerais avoir 20 dollars. - I would like to have 20 dollars. | |
| 3. v. (auxiliary) to have (auxiliary verb to form compound past tenses of most verbs) | |
| J'ai parlé. - I have spoken, I spoke. | |
| Qu'est-ce que vous m'avez fait ? - What have you done to me? | |
| 4. v. to have (a condition) | |
| J'ai faim. - I have hunger. | |
| J'ai soif. - I have thirst. | |
| J'ai froid. - I have cold. | |
| J'ai chaud. - I have hot. | |
| J'ai la chiasse. - I have the shits. | |
| J'ai le rhume. - I have a cold. | |
| J'ai le SIDA. - I have AIDS. | |
| J'ai de la fièvre. - I've got a fever. | |
| 5. v. to have (a measure or age) | |
| Elle a 19 ans. - She has 19 years. | |
| 6. v. to have (to trick) | |
| Tu t'es fait avoir. - You've been had. | |
| 7. v. to have (to participate in an experience) | |
| avoir des relations sexuelles - to have sexual relations | |
| 8. v. (indtr, à) to have (to), must +preo, à, infinitive | |
| J'ai à vous parler. - I have to talk to you. | |
| reçu |
| 1. adj. accomplished | |
| 2. n-m. receipt | |
| 3. Participle. past participle of recevoir | |
| recevoir |
| 1. v. to receive | |
| 2. v. to entertain (to welcome guests) | |
| une |
| 1. num. feminine singular of un | |
| 2. art. a / an (feminine indefinite article) | |
| 3. n-f. front page (of a publication) | |
| formation |
| 1. n-f. formation, forming, development | |
| 2. n-f. education; training | |
| la formation juridique - judicial training | |
| Je suis gynécologue de formation. - I'm a trainee gynecologist. | |
| 3. n-f. (military) formation | |
| sommaire |
| 1. n-m. a summary | |
| 2. n-m. a table of contents | |
| 3. adj. succinct, short, abridged, that which expresses a subject in few words | |
| 4. adj. devoid of unnecessary comfort, basic | |
| traitant |
| 1. Participle. present participle of traiter | |
| 2. adj. practicing (as a doctor) | |
| 3. adj. medicated | |
| traiter |
| 1. v. to treat | |
| bien traiter quelqu'un - to treat someone well | |
| 2. v. to take care (of) | |
| être traité pour, se faire traiter pour - to undergo treatment for (a condition) | |
| 3. v. to process, spray, coat | |
| Les champs de blé étaient traités avec des pesticides par avion. - The wheat fields were aerially sprayed with pesticide. | |
| 4. v. to process | |
| Les opérateurs de l'équipe de nuit traitent les tâches par lots. - The night shift operators process batch jobs. | |
| 5. v. (indtr, ditr=1) to call, label (something negative) | |
| Ils l'ont traitée de menteuse. - They called her a liar. | |
| Il m'a traité de tous les noms. - He called me every name under the sun. | |
| 6. v. (indtr, de) to deal with, handle (i.e. commerce, a subject or theme) | |
| Cet article traitera de sujets très sérieux. - This article will deal with very serious subjects. | |
| un |
| 1. art. an, a | |
| 2. num. number box, fr | |
| 3. num. one | |
| 4. pron. one, someone | |
| 5. n-m. one (the number or figure) | |
| tirage |
| 1. n-m. pulling (action of pulling) | |
| 2. n-m. drawing (drawing of lots) | |
| 3. n-m. (printing) printing (putting symbols on a newspaper) | |
| 4. n-m. (printing) circulation (number of copies sold of e.g. a newspaper) | |
| 5. n-m. draw (selection by chance, e.g. for deciding opponents in a sport competition) | |
| 6. n-m. (military) draught/draft (hiring soldiers) | |
| 7. n-m. drawing (of cheques) | |
| 8. n-m. (metallurgy) drawing | |
| 9. n-m. tirage (taking wine from a barrel) | |
| 10. n-m. draught, draft (chimney) | |
| original |
| 1. adj. original | |
| 2. n-m. an unusual or eccentric person | |
| 3. n-m. an original manuscript | |
| comme |
| 1. conj. as | |
| Je travaille comme artiste. - I work as an artist. | |
| 2. conj. like | |
| J'agis comme il faut. - I act like I must. | |
| 3. conj. how | |
| Comme tu es belle ce soir ! - How beautiful you are tonight! | |
| 4. conj. because, as, since | |
| Comme j'étais malade, il est venu me voir. - As I was ill, he came to see me. | |
| 5. part. (colloquial Canada) like | |
| si |
| 1. conj. if, whether | |
| Je me demande si elle sera seule. - I wonder if she'll be alone. | |
| Je veux savoir si tu viendras ou non. - I want to know if you're coming or not. | |
| 2. conj. if (assuming that) | |
| Si j'avais ses pouvoirs, je créerais un monde où le mal n'existe pas. - If I had his power, I'd create a world where evil didn't exist. | |
| Si tu n'avais pas appelé, je serais morte. - If you hadn't called, I'd be dead. | |
| 3. conj. even if | |
| 4. conj. although, while | |
| 5. interj. yes (used to contradict a negative statement) | |
| Tu ne m’aimes pas, n’est-ce pas ? — Si ! - You don’t like me, do you? — Yes, I do! | |
| Moi, je n'ai rien fait ! — Si ! - I didn't do anything! — Yes, you did! | |
| 6. adv. so, such (intensifier) | |
| J’étais si fatigué ces jours-ci que je n’avais pas le courage de vous écrire. - I was so tired those days that I didn't have the energy to write to you. | |
| Cela n'aurait pas été une si bonne idée. - That wouldn't have been such a good idea. | |
| 7. adv. (si + adjective/adverb + que ...) however (to whatever extent or degree) | |
| Si bavard qu'il soit, il ne dit rien de stupide. - However talkative he may be, he doesn't say anything stupid. | |
| 8. n-m. (music) si, the note 'B' | |
| comme si |
| 1. conj. as if; as though (as to suggest that) | |
| Il sortit par la porte et Roger put voir que son visage était pâle, comme s’il avait vu un fantôme. - He went out the door and Roger could see that his face was white, as though he had seen a p | |
| il |
| 1. pron. he (third-person singular masculine subject pronoun for human subject) | |
| Il est parti. - He left. | |
| 2. pron. it (third-person singular subject pronoun for grammatically masculine objects) | |
| Je cherche mon livre. Où est-il ? - I'm looking for my book. Where is it? | |
| 3. pron. (impersonal pronoun) Impersonal subject; it | |
| Il pleut. - It’s raining. | |
| se |
| 1. pron. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun. | |
| 2. pron. (to) himself | |
| 3. pron. (to) herself | |
| 4. pron. (to) oneself | |
| 5. pron. (to) itself | |
| 6. pron. (to) themselves | |
| 7. pron. (to) each other | |
| 8. pron. (Louisiana) (The second-person plural reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.) | |
| Je suis partie à la chasse et faut vous autres se comportes bien. - I'm going hunting and y'all need to behave yourselves. | |
| agissait |
| 1. v. third-person singular imperfect indicative of agir | |
| agir |
| 1. v. to act | |
| Il faut agir pour lutter contre la pauvreté. - We must act in order to fight poverty. | |
| 2. v. to act, to do (something) | |
| Il n’agit pas comme il devrait. - He’s not doing as he should. | |
| 3. v. to act, behave | |
| Vous agissez en enfants. - You’re acting like children. | |
| Il agit comme un fou. - He’s acting like a madman. | |
| 4. v. to act on | |
| 5. v. (legal, followed by contre) prosecute, sue | |
| 6. v. (impersonal, reflexive, followed by de) to be, be all about, be a question of | |
| Dans le livre il s’agit d’une femme perdue. - The book is about a lost woman. | |
| Il s’agit de vous en tirer honorablement. - It’s all about you getting out of there honorably. | |
| Dans la vie; il s’agit de faire son devoir. - Life is all about doing your duty. | |
| Il s’agissait de choisir entre les ducs. - It was about choosing between the two dukes. | |
| s'agir |
| 1. v. to be about | |
| 2. v. to be a question of | |
| Il s’agit de classification. - It is a question of classification. | |
| 3. v. to essentially be; to be essentially | |
| ire - IreIl s’agit du verbe latin classique, eo, is, ire. | |
| de |
| 1. prep. of (expresses belonging) | |
| Paris est la capitale de la France. - Paris is the capital of France. | |
| 2. prep. of (used to express property or association) | |
| Œuvres de Fermat - Fermat’s Works | |
| Elle est la femme de mon ami. - She is my friend’s wife. | |
| le voisin de Gabriel - Gabriel's neighbor | |
| 3. prep. from (used to indicate origin) | |
| Elle vient de France. - She comes from France. | |
| Êtes-vous de Suisse ? - Are you from Switzerland? | |
| Ce fromage vient d’Espagne. - This cheese is from Spain. | |
| C’est de l’ouest de la France. - It’s from the west of France. | |
| Le train va de Paris à Bordeaux. - The train goes from Paris to Bordeaux. | |
| 4. prep. of (indicates an amount) | |
| 5 kilos de pommes. - 5 kilograms of apples. | |
| Un verre de vin - A glass of wine | |
| Une portion de frites - A portion of fries | |
| 5. prep. used attributively, often translated into English as a compound word | |
| Un jus de pomme - Apple juice | |
| Un verre de vin - A glass of wine | |
| Une boîte de nuit - A nightclub | |
| Un chien de garde - A guarddog | |
| Une voiture de sport - A sportscar | |
| Un stade de football - A football stadium | |
| 6. prep. from (used to indicate the start of a time or range) | |
| De 9:00 à 11:00 je ne serai pas libre. - From 9 to 11 I won’t be free. | |
| Je travaille de huit heures à midi. - I work from 8 o'clock to noon. | |
| un groupe de cinq à huit personnes - a group of from five to eight people | |
| 7. prep. used after certain verbs before an infinitive, often translated into English as a gerund or an infinitive | |
| J’ai arrêté de fumer. - I stopped smoking. | |
| Il continue de m’embêter. - He keeps annoying me. | |
| Elle m’a dit de venir. - She told me to come. | |
| Nous vous exhortons de venir. - We urge you to come. | |
| 8. prep. by (indicates the amount of change) | |
| Boire trois tasses par jour réduirait de 20 % les risques de contracter une maladie. - Drinking three cups a day would reduce the risks of catching an illness by 20%. | |
| 9. art. Used in the plural with prepositioned adjectives. | |
| Ce sont de bons enfants. - They are good children. | |
| Il y a d’autres exemples. - There are other examples. | |
| 10. art. Used in negated sentences with the grammatical object. | |
| Elle n’a pas de mère. - She doesn’t have a mother. | |
| Il ne mange pas de viande. - He doesn’t eat meat. | |
| Il n’y a pas de problèmes. - There are no problems. | |
| 11. n-f. abbreviation of dame | |
| une |
| 1. num. feminine singular of un | |
| 2. art. a / an (feminine indefinite article) | |
| 3. n-f. front page (of a publication) | |
| image |
| 1. n-f. picture, image | |
| 2. n-f. (TV, film) frame | |
| 3. n-f. A mental representation. | |
| 4. v. first-person singular present of imager | |
| 5. v. third-person singular present of imager | |
| 6. v. second-person singular imperative of imager | |
| imager |
| 1. v. to embellish with images | |
| publiée |
| 1. Participle. feminine singular of publié | |
| publier |
| 1. v. to publish, to release, to issue | |
| dans |
| 1. prep. (literal, figurative) in, inside (enclosed in a physical space, a group, a state) | |
| vieillir dans la misère - to grow old in poverty | |
| être dans l'infanterie - to be in the infantry | |
| avoir quelque chose dans la bouche - to have something in the mouth | |
| dans les circonstances d'une pandémie - under the circumstances of a pandemic | |
| Il habite dans le quartier le plus riche de Paris. - He lives in the richest district of Paris. | |
| Il nage comme un poisson dans l'eau. - He swims like a fish in the water. | |
| mettre l'argent dans la poche - to put money into one's pocket | |
| Bienvenue dans le meilleur bar de tout Paris. - Welcome to the best bar in all of Paris. | |
| 2. prep. to (indicates direction towards certain large subdivisions, see usage notes) | |
| Aujourd'hui, je vais dans le Maine, et demain, je vais dans l’État de New York. - Today, I'm going to Maine, and tomorrow, I'm going to New York. | |
| 3. prep. in, within (a longer period of time) | |
| Je serai prêt dans une heure. - I'll be ready in one hour. | |
| Il arrivera dans trois jours. - He will arrive in three days. | |
| 4. prep. (with respect to time) during | |
| dans un temps donné - during a given time | |
| dans ma jeunesse - in my youth | |
| 5. prep. out of, from | |
| boire dans une tasse - to drink from a cup | |
| Il prend le beurre dans le réfrigérateur. - He takes the butter out of the fridge. | |
| 6. prep. (metonymy) in; in the works of | |
| le marxisme dans Sartre - Marxism in the works of Sartre | |
| 7. prep. (colloquial) (Used in dans les) | |
| dans les trentes kilos - about thirty kilos | |
| dans les dix euros - about ten euros | |
| 8. n. plural of dan | |
| un |
| 1. art. an, a | |
| 2. num. number box, fr | |
| 3. num. one | |
| 4. pron. one, someone | |
| 5. n-m. one (the number or figure) | |
| Livre |
| 1. Proper noun. synonym of Bible | |
| 2. n-m. book | |
| 3. n-f. pound (unit of weight) | |
| 4. n-f. (Europe, informal) metrical pound, half a kilogramme, 500 g | |
| 5. n-f. (North America) imperial pound ≈ 454 g | |
| 6. n-f. (historical) various values between 300 and 600 g | |
| 7. n-f. pound (unit of currency) | |
| 8. n-f. (Louisiana) grade (level) | |
| 9. v. first-person singular present of livrer | |
| 10. v. third-person singular present of livrer | |
| 11. v. second-person singular imperative of livrer | |
| livrer |
| 1. v. to deliver (a package, merchandise etc.) | |
| 2. v. to hand over, deliver (someone to an enemy, police, etc.) | |
| 3. v. to betray | |
| 4. v. to give away (a secret etc.); to confide, reveal, drop (a hint) | |
| 5. v. abandon oneself, give oneself over + à (object) = to | |
| 6. v. to practise (a sport); be engaged in (a job, research); set up (an enquiry) + à (object) = to | |
| négligent |
| 1. adj. negligent (culpable due to negligence) | |
| 2. v. third-person plural present of négliger | |
| négliger |
| 1. v. to neglect | |
| 2. v. to ignore (a detail) | |
| les |
| 1. art. plural of le: the | |
| 2. art. plural of la: the | |
| 3. pron. plural of le: them | |
| 4. pron. plural of la: them | |
| règles |
| 1. n. plural of règle | |
| régler |
| 1. v. to sort out, to settle (a problem, a bill) | |
| On va régler le problème tout de suite. - We will sort out that problem immediately. | |
| 2. v. to set, to adjust | |
| Régler le réveil pour 8 heures. - Set the alarm for 8 o'clock. | |
| 3. v. to regulate | |
| 4. v. to rule; to put lines on | |
| Régler le papier. | |
| règle |
| 1. n-f. rule, regulation | |
| 2. n-f. rule, period of ruling | |
| La règle du Roi Henry - King Henry's rule. | |
| 3. n-f. ruler (for measuring length) | |
| 4. n-f. (in plural) period, menstruation | |
| 5. v. first-person singular present of régler | |
| 6. v. third-person singular present of régler | |
| 7. v. second-person singular imperative of régler | |
| de |
| 1. prep. of (expresses belonging) | |
| Paris est la capitale de la France. - Paris is the capital of France. | |
| 2. prep. of (used to express property or association) | |
| Œuvres de Fermat - Fermat’s Works | |
| Elle est la femme de mon ami. - She is my friend’s wife. | |
| le voisin de Gabriel - Gabriel's neighbor | |
| 3. prep. from (used to indicate origin) | |
| Elle vient de France. - She comes from France. | |
| Êtes-vous de Suisse ? - Are you from Switzerland? | |
| Ce fromage vient d’Espagne. - This cheese is from Spain. | |
| C’est de l’ouest de la France. - It’s from the west of France. | |
| Le train va de Paris à Bordeaux. - The train goes from Paris to Bordeaux. | |
| 4. prep. of (indicates an amount) | |
| 5 kilos de pommes. - 5 kilograms of apples. | |
| Un verre de vin - A glass of wine | |
| Une portion de frites - A portion of fries | |
| 5. prep. used attributively, often translated into English as a compound word | |
| Un jus de pomme - Apple juice | |
| Un verre de vin - A glass of wine | |
| Une boîte de nuit - A nightclub | |
| Un chien de garde - A guarddog | |
| Une voiture de sport - A sportscar | |
| Un stade de football - A football stadium | |
| 6. prep. from (used to indicate the start of a time or range) | |
| De 9:00 à 11:00 je ne serai pas libre. - From 9 to 11 I won’t be free. | |
| Je travaille de huit heures à midi. - I work from 8 o'clock to noon. | |
| un groupe de cinq à huit personnes - a group of from five to eight people | |
| 7. prep. used after certain verbs before an infinitive, often translated into English as a gerund or an infinitive | |
| J’ai arrêté de fumer. - I stopped smoking. | |
| Il continue de m’embêter. - He keeps annoying me. | |
| Elle m’a dit de venir. - She told me to come. | |
| Nous vous exhortons de venir. - We urge you to come. | |
| 8. prep. by (indicates the amount of change) | |
| Boire trois tasses par jour réduirait de 20 % les risques de contracter une maladie. - Drinking three cups a day would reduce the risks of catching an illness by 20%. | |
| 9. art. Used in the plural with prepositioned adjectives. | |
| Ce sont de bons enfants. - They are good children. | |
| Il y a d’autres exemples. - There are other examples. | |
| 10. art. Used in negated sentences with the grammatical object. | |
| Elle n’a pas de mère. - She doesn’t have a mother. | |
| Il ne mange pas de viande. - He doesn’t eat meat. | |
| Il n’y a pas de problèmes. - There are no problems. | |
| 11. n-f. abbreviation of dame | |
| conservation |
| 1. n-f. conservation | |
