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refraction
     1. n. (physics) The turning or bending of any wave, such as a light or sound wave, when it passes from one medium into another of different optical density.
     2. n. (metallurgy) The degree to which a metal or compound can withstand heat
Is
     1. n. plural of I
     2. v. third-person singular present indicative of be
           He is a doctor. He retired some time ago.
           Should he do the task, it is vital that you follow him.
     3. n. plural of i
           remember to dot your is
     be
          1. v. (intransitive, now literary) To exist; to have real existence.
          2. v. (with there, or dialectally it, as dummy subject) To exist.
                There is just one woman in town who can help us. (or, dialectally:) It is just one woman in town who can help us.
          3. v. (intransitive) To occupy a place.
                The cup is on the table.
          4. v. (intransitive) To occur, to take place.
                When will the meeting be?
          5. v. (intransitive, in perfect tenses, without predicate) Elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar.
                The postman has been today, but my tickets have still not yet come.
                I have been to Spain many times.
                Moscow, huh? I've never been, but it sounds fascinating.
          6. v. (transitive, copulative) Used to indicate that the subject and object are the same.
                Knowledge is bliss.
                Hi, I’m Jim.
          7. v. (transitive, copulative, mathematics) Used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same.
                3 times 5 is fifteen.
          8. v. (transitive, copulative) Used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal.
                François Mitterrand was president of France from 1981 to 1995.
          9. v. (transitive, copulative) Used to connect a noun to an adjective that describes it.
                The sky is blue.
          10. v. (transitive, copulative) Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase.
                The sky is a deep blue today.
          11. v. (transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the passive voice.
                The dog was drowned by the boy.
          12. v. (transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the continuous forms of various tenses.
                The woman is walking.
                I shall be writing to you soon.
                We liked to chat while we were eating.
          13. v. (archaic, auxiliary) Used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs, most of which indicate motion. Often still used for "to go".
          14. v. (transitive, auxiliary) Used to form future tenses, especially the future periphrastic.
                I am to leave tomorrow.
                I would drive you, were I to obtain a car.
          15. v. (transitive, copulative) Used to link a subject to a measurement.
                This building is three hundred years old.
                I am 75 kilograms.
                He’s about 6 feet tall.
          16. v. (transitive, copulative, with a cardinal numeral) Used to state the age of a subject in years.
                I’m 20. (= I am 20 years old.)
          17. v. (with a dummy subject) it Used to indicate the time of day.
                It is almost eight. (= It is almost eight o’clock.)
                It’s 8:30 read eight-thirty in Tokyo.
                What time is it there? It’s night.
          18. v. (With since) Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event.
                It has been three years since my grandmother died. (similar to My grandmother died three years ago, but emphasizes the intervening period)
                It had been six days since his departure, when I received a letter from him.
          19. v. (often, impersonal, with it as a dummy subject) Used to indicate weather, air quality, or the like.
                It is hot in Arizona, but it is not usually humid.
                Why is it so dark in here?
          20. v. (dynamic/lexical "be", especially in progressive tenses, conjugated non-suppletively in the present tense, see usage notes) To exist or behave in a certain way.
                "What do we do?" "We be ourselves.".
                Why is he being nice to me?
an
     1. art. Form of a used before a vowel sound
     2. art. (now quite rare) Form of a used before 'h' in an unstressed syllable
     3. art. (nonstandard) Form of a used before 'h' in a stressed syllable
     4. conj. (archaic) If
     5. conj. (archaic) So long as.
           An it harm none, do what ye will.
     6. conj. (archaic) As if; as though.
     7. n. The first letter of the Georgian alphabet, ა (Mkhedruli), Ⴀ (Asomtavruli) or ⴀ (Nuskhuri).
     8. prep. In each; to or for each; per.
           I was only going twenty miles an hour.
optical
     1. adj. Of, or relating to sight; visual.
           Strabismus is an optical defect.
     2. adj. Designed to assist or enhance sight
           A microscope is an optical instrument.
     3. adj. Of, or relating to optics.
           Refraction is an optical effect.
     4. adj. Of, or relating to visible light.
           Optical telescopes don't work when it is cloudy.
     5. adj. Incorporating light-sensitive devices.
           An optical switch opens the door automatically.
effect
     1. n. The result or outcome of a cause. See usage notes below.
           The effect of the hurricane was a devastated landscape.
     2. n. Impression left on the mind; sensation produced.
     3. n. Execution; performance; realization; operation.
     4. n.          The state of being binding and enforceable, as in a rule, policy, or law.
                   The new law will come into effect on the first day of next year.
     5. n. (filmology) An illusion produced by technical means (as in "special effect")
           The effect of flying was most convincing.
     6. n. (sound engineering) An alteration, or device for producing an alteration, in sound after it has been produced by an instrument.
           I use an echo effect here to make the sound more mysterious.
           I just bought a couple of great effects.
     7. n. (physics, psychology, etc.) A scientific phenomenon, usually named after its discoverer.
           Doppler effect
     8. n. (usually plural) Belongings, usually as personal effects.
     9. n. Consequence intended; purpose; meaning; general intent; with to.
     10. n. (obsolete) Reality; actual meaning; fact, as distinguished from mere appearance.
     11. n. (obsolete) Manifestation; expression; sign.
     12. v. To make or bring about; to implement.
           The best way to effect change is to work with existing stakeholders.
     13. v. misspelling of affect
Dictionary entries from Wiktionary