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formed
     1. v. simple past tense and past participle of form
     form
          1. n. To do with shape.:
          2. n.          The shape or visible structure of a thing or person.
          3. n.          A thing that gives shape to other things as in a mold.
          4. n.          (dated) A long bench with no back.
          5. n.          (fine arts) The boundary line of a material object. In painting, more generally, the human body.
          6. n.          (crystallography) The combination of planes included under a general crystallographic symbol. It is not necessarily a closed solid.
          7. n. (social) To do with structure or procedure.
          8. n.          An order of doing things, as in religious ritual.
          9. n.          Established method of expression or practice; fixed way of proceeding; conventional or stated scheme; formula.
          10. n.          Constitution; mode of construction, organization, etc.; system.
                        a republican form of government
          11. n.          Show without substance; empty, outside appearance; vain, trivial, or conventional ceremony; conventionality; formality.
                        a matter of mere form
          12. n.          (archaic) A class or rank in society.
          13. n.          (UK) A criminal record; loosely, past history (in a given area).
          14. n.          (education) A class or year of school pupils (often preceded by an ordinal number to specify the year, as in sixth form).
          15. n. A blank document or template to be filled in by the user.
                To apply for the position, complete the application form.
          16. n. Level of performance.
                The team's form has been poor this year.
                The orchestra was on top form this evening.
          17. n. (grammar) A grouping of words which maintain grammatical context in different usages; the particular shape or structure of a word or part of speech.
                participial forms;  verb forms
          18. n. The den or home of a hare.
          19. n. (computing, programming) A window or dialogue box.
          20. n. (taxonomy) An infraspecific rank.
          21. n. (printing, dated) The type or other matter from which an impression is to be taken, arranged and secured in a chase.
          22. n. (geometry) A quantic.
          23. n. (sports) A specific way of performing a movement.
          24. v. To assume (a certain shape or visible structure).
                When you kids form a straight line I'll hand out the lollies.
          25. v. To give (a shape or visible structure) to a thing or person.
                Roll out the dough to form a thin sheet.
          26. v. (intransitive) To take shape.
                When icicles start to form on the eaves you know the roads will be icy.
          27. v. To put together or bring into being; assemble.
                The socialists did not have enough MPs to form a government.
                Paul McCartney and John Lennon formed The Beatles in Liverpool in 1960.
          28. v. (transitive, linguistics) To create (a word) by inflection or derivation.
                By adding "-ness", you can form a noun from an adjective.
          29. v. To constitute, to compose, to make up.
                Teenagers form the bulk of extreme traffic offenders.
          30. v. To mould or model by instruction or discipline.
                Singing in a choir helps to form a child's sociality.
          31. v. To provide (a hare) with a form.
          32. v. (electrical, historical, transitive) To treat (plates) to prepare them for introduction into a storage battery, causing one plate to be composed more or less of spongy lead, and the other of lead pero
by
     1. prep. Near or next to.
           The mailbox is by the bus stop.
     2. prep. At some time before (the given time), or before the end of a given time interval.
           Be back by ten o'clock!  We will send it by the first week of July.
     3. prep. Indicates the actor in a clause with its verb in the passive voice: Through the action or presence of.
           The matter was decided by the chairman.  The boat was swamped by the water.  He was protected by his body armour.
     4. prep. Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.
           There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare
     5. prep. Indicates the cause of a condition or event: Through the action of, caused by, responsibility for; by dint of.
     6. prep. Indicates a means: Involving/using the means of.
           I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.
     7. prep. Indicates a source of light used as illumination.
           The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight.
     8. prep. Indicates an authority, rule, or permission followed.
           I sorted the items by category.  By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.
     9. prep. Indicates the amount of some progression: With a change of.
           Our stock is up by ten percent.
     10. prep. In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.
           We went through the book page by page.  We crawled forward by inches.
     11. prep. Indicates a referenced source: According to.
           He cheated by his own admission.
     12. prep. Indicates an oath: With the authority of.
           By Jove! I think she's got it!  By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this.
     13. prep. Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.
           It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix.  The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.  The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm.
     14. prep. (horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.
           She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress.
     15. adv. Along a path which runs by the speaker.
           I watched as it passed by.
     16. adv. In the vicinity, near.
           There was a shepherd close by.
           The shop is hard by the High Street.
     17. adv. To or at a place, as a residence or place of business.
           I'll stop by on my way home from work.
           We're right near the lifeguard station. Come by before you leave.
     18. adv. Aside, away.
           The women spent much time after harvest putting jams by for winter and spring.
     19. adj. Out of the way, subsidiary.
     20. n. (card games) A pass
     21. interj. alternative spelling of bye
a
     1. art. One; any indefinite example of; used to denote a singular item of a group.
           There was a man here looking for you yesterday.
     2. art. Used in conjunction with the adjectives score, dozen, hundred, thousand, and million, as a function word.
           I've seen it happen a hundred times.
     3. art. One certain or particular; any single.Brown, Lesley, (2003)
           We've received an interesting letter from a Mrs. Miggins of London.
     4. art. The same; one.
           We are of a mind on matters of morals.
     5. art. Any, every; used before a noun which has become modified to limit its scope; also used with a negative to indicate not a single one.Lindberg, Christine A. (2007)
           A man who dies intestate leaves his children troubles and difficulties.
           He fell all that way, and hasn't a bump on his head?
     6. art. Used before plural nouns modified by few, good many, couple, great many, etc.
     7. art. Someone or something like; similar to; Used before a proper noun to create an example out of it.
           The center of the village was becoming a Times Square.
     8. prep. (archaic) To do with position or direction; In, on, at, by, towards, onto.
           Stand a tiptoe.
     9. prep. To do with separation; In, into.
           Torn a pieces.
     10. prep. To do with time; Each, per, in, on, by.
           I brush my teeth twice a day.
     11. prep. (obsolete) To do with method; In, with.
     12. prep. (obsolete) To do with role or capacity; In.
           A God’s name.
     13. prep. To do with status; In.
           King James Bible (II Chronicles 2:18)
             To set the people a worke.
     14. prep. (archaic) To do with process, with a passive verb; In the course of, experiencing.
           1964, Bob Dylan, The Times They Are a-Changin’
             The times, they are a-changin'.
     15. prep. (archaic) To do with an action, an active verb; Engaged in.
           1611, King James Bible, Hebrews 11-21
             Jacob, when he was a dying
     16. prep. (archaic) To do with an action/movement; To, into.
     17. v. (archaic, or slang) Have.
           I'd a come, if you'd a asked.
     18. pron. (obsolete, outside, England, and Scotland dialects) He.
     19. interj. A meaningless syllable; ah.
     20. prep. (archaic, slang) Of.
           The name of John a Gaunt.
     21. adv. (chiefly Scotland) All.
     22. adj. (chiefly Scotland) All.
collection
     1. n. A set of items or amount of material procured or gathered together.
           The attic contains a remarkable collection of antiques, oddities, and random junk.
           The asteroid belt consists of a collection of dust, rubble, and minor planets.
     2. n. Multiple related objects associated as a group.
           He has a superb coin collection.
     3. n. The activity of collecting.
           Collection of trash will occur every Thursday.
     4. n. (topology, analysis) A set of sets.
     5. n. A gathering of money for charitable or other purposes, as by passing a contribution box for donations.
     6. n. (law) Debt collection.
     7. n. (obsolete) The act of inferring or concluding from premises or observed facts; also, that which is inferred.
     8. n. (UK) The jurisdiction of a collector of excise.
     9. n. (in the UK, Oxford University) A set of college exams generally taken at the start of the term.
     10. n. The quality of being collected; calm composure.
of
     1. prep. Expressing distance or motion.
     2. prep.          (now obsolete, or dialectal) From (of distance, direction), "off".
     3. prep.          (obsolete except in phrases) Since, from (a given time, earlier state etc.).
     4. prep.          From, away from (a position, number, distance etc.).
                    There are no shops within twenty miles of the cottage.
     5. prep.          (North America, Scotland, Ireland) Before (the hour); to.
                    What's the time? / Nearly a quarter of three.
     6. prep. Expressing separation.
     7. prep.          (Indicating removal, absence or separation, with the action indicated by a transitive verb and the quality or substance by a grammatical object.)
                    Finally she was relieved of the burden of caring for her sick husband.
     8. prep.          (Indicating removal, absence or separation, with resulting state indicated by an adjective.)
                    He seemed devoid of human feelings.
     9. prep.          (obsolete) (Indicating removal, absence or separation, construed with an intransitive verb.)
     10. prep. Expressing origin.
     11. prep.          (Indicating an ancestral source or origin of descent.)
                    The word is believed to be of Japanese origin.
     12. prep.          (Indicating a (non-physical) source of action or emotion; introducing a cause, instigation); from, out of, as an expression of.
                    The invention was born of necessity.
     13. prep.          (following an intransitive verb) (Indicates the source or cause of the verb.)
                    It is said that she died of a broken heart.
     14. prep.          (following an adjective) (Indicates the subject or cause of the adjective.)
                    I am tired of all this nonsense.
     15. prep. Expressing agency.
     16. prep.          (following a passive verb) (Indicates the agent (for most verbs, now usually expressed with by).)
                    I am not particularly enamoured of this idea.
     17. prep.          (Used to introduce the "subjective genitive"; following a noun to form the head of a postmodifying noun phrase) (see also 'Possession' senses below).
                    The contract can be terminated at any time with the agreement of both parties.
     18. prep.          (following an adjective) (Used to indicate the agent of something described by the adjective.)
                    It was very brave of you to speak out like that.
     19. prep. Expressing composition, substance.
     20. prep.          (after a verb expressing construction, making etc.) (Used to indicate the material or substance used.)
                    Many 'corks' are now actually made of plastic.
     21. prep.          (directly following a noun) (Used to indicate the material of the just-mentioned object.)
                    She wore a dress of silk.
     22. prep.          (Indicating the composition of a given collective or quantitative noun.)
                    What a lot of nonsense!
     23. prep.          (Used to link a given class of things with a specific example of that class.)
                   Welcome to the historic town of Harwich.
     24. prep.          (Links two nouns in near-apposition, with the first qualifying the second); "which is also".
                    I'm not driving this wreck of a car.
     25. prep. Introducing subject matter.
     26. prep.          (Links an intransitive verb, or a transitive verb and its subject (especially verbs to do with thinking, feeling, expressing etc.), with its subject-ma
                    I'm always thinking of you.
     27. prep.          (following a noun (now chiefly nouns of knowledge, communication etc.)) (Introduces its subject matter); about, concerning.
                    He told us the story of his journey to India.
     28. prep.          (following an adjective) (Introduces its subject matter.)
                    This behaviour is typical of teenagers.
     29. prep. Having partitive effect.
     30. prep.          (following a number or other quantitive word) (Introduces the whole for which is indicated only the specified part or segment); "from among".
                    Most of these apples are rotten.
     31. prep.          (following a noun) (Indicates a given part.)
     32. prep.          (now archaic, literary, with preceding partitive word assumed, or as a predicate after to be) Some, an amount of, one of.
                    On the whole, they seem to be of the decent sort.
     33. prep.          (Links to a genitive noun or possessive pronoun, with partitive effect (though now often merged with possessive senses, below).)
                    He is a friend of mine.
     34. prep. Expressing possession.
     35. prep.          Belonging to, existing in, or taking place in a given location, place or time. Compare "origin" senses, above.
                    He was perhaps the most famous scientist of the twentieth century.
     36. prep.          Belonging to (a place) through having title, ownership or control over it.
                    The owner of the nightclub was arrested.
     37. prep.          Belonging to (someone or something) as something they possess or have as a characteristic; (the "possessive genitive". (With abstract nouns, this inter
                    Keep the handle of the saucepan away from the flames.
     38. prep. Forming the "objective genitive".
     39. prep.          (Follows an agent noun, verbal noun or noun of action.)
                    She had a profound distrust of the police.
     40. prep. Expressing qualities or characteristics.
     41. prep.          (now archaic, or literary) (Links an adjective with a noun or noun phrase to form a quasi-adverbial qualifier); in respect to, as regards.
                    My companion seemed affable and easy of manner.
     42. prep.          (Indicates a quality or characteristic); "characterized by".
                    Pooh was said to be a bear of very little brain.
     43. prep.          (Indicates quantity, age, price, etc.)
                    We have been paying interest at a rate of 10%.
     44. prep.          (US, informal considered incorrect by some) (Used to link singular indefinite nouns (preceded by the indefinite article) and attributive adjectives mod
                    It's not that big of a deal.
     45. prep. Expressing a point in time.
     46. prep.          (chiefly regional) During the course of (a set period of time, day of the week etc.), now specifically with implied repetition or regularity.
                    Of an evening, we would often go for a stroll along the river.
     47. prep.          (UK dialectal, chiefly in negative constructions) For (a given length of time).
                    I've not tekken her out of a goodly long while.
     48. prep.          (after a noun) (Indicates duration of a state, activity etc.)
                    After a delay of three hours, the plane finally took off.
particulars
     1. n. plural of particular
     2. n. The details or specifics of something.
           The overall plan is well understood, but we still have to work out the particulars.
     particular
          1. adj. (also non-comparable)
          2. adj. (obsolete) Pertaining only to a part of something; partial.
          3. adj. Specific; discrete; concrete.
                I couldn't find the particular model you asked for, but I hope this one will do.
                We knew it was named after John Smith, but nobody knows which particular John Smith.
          4. adj. Specialised; characteristic of a specific person or thing.
                I don't appreciate your particular brand of cynicism.
          5. adj. (obsolete) Known only to an individual person or group; confidential.
          6. adj. Distinguished in some way; special (often in negative constructions).
                My five favorite places are, in no particular order, New York, Chicago, Paris, San Francisco and London.
                I didn't have any particular interest in the book.
                He brought no particular news.
                She was the particular belle of the party.
          7. adj. (comparable) Of a person, concerned with, or attentive to, details; minute; precise; fastidious.
                He is very particular about his food and if it isn't cooked to perfection he will send it back.
                Women are more particular about their appearance.
          8. adj. Concerned with, or attentive to, details; minute; circumstantial; precise.
                a full and particular account of an accident
          9. adj. (legal) Containing a part only; limited.
                a particular estate, or one precedent to an estate in remainder
          10. adj. (legal) Holding a particular estate.
                a particular tenant
          11. adj. (logic) Forming a part of a genus; relatively limited in extension; affirmed or denied of a part of a subject.
                a particular proposition, opposed to "universal", e.g. (particular affirmative) "Some men are wise"; (particular negative) "Some men are not wise".
          12. n. A small individual part of something larger; a detail, a point.
          13. n. (obsolete) A person's own individual case.
          14. n. (now philosophy, chiefly in plural) A particular case; an individual thing as opposed to a whole class. (Opposed to generals, universals.)
into
     1. prep. Going inside (of).
           Mary danced into the house.
     2. prep. Going to a geographic region.
           We left the house and walked into the street.
           The plane flew into the open air.
     3. prep. Against, especially with force or violence.
           The car crashed into the tree;  I wasn't careful, and walked into a wall
     4. prep. Producing, becoming; (indicates transition into another form or substance).
           I carved the piece of driftwood into a sculpture of a whale.   Right before our eyes, Jake turned into a wolf!
     5. prep. After the start of.
           About 20 minutes into the flight, the pilot reported a fire on board.
     6. prep. (colloquial) Interested in or attracted to.
           She's really into Shakespeare right now;  I'm so into you!
     7. prep. (mathematics) Taking distinct arguments to distinct values.
           The exponential function maps the set of real numbers into itself.
     8. prep. (UK, archaic, India, mathematics) Expressing the operation of multiplication.(R:OED Online)
           Five into three is fifteen.
     9. prep. (mathematics) Expressing the operation of division, with the denominator given first. Usually with "goes".
           Three into two won't go.
           24 goes into 48 how many times?
     10. prep. Investigating the subject (of).
           Call for research into pesticides blamed for vanishing bees.
a
     1. art. One; any indefinite example of; used to denote a singular item of a group.
           There was a man here looking for you yesterday.
     2. art. Used in conjunction with the adjectives score, dozen, hundred, thousand, and million, as a function word.
           I've seen it happen a hundred times.
     3. art. One certain or particular; any single.Brown, Lesley, (2003)
           We've received an interesting letter from a Mrs. Miggins of London.
     4. art. The same; one.
           We are of a mind on matters of morals.
     5. art. Any, every; used before a noun which has become modified to limit its scope; also used with a negative to indicate not a single one.Lindberg, Christine A. (2007)
           A man who dies intestate leaves his children troubles and difficulties.
           He fell all that way, and hasn't a bump on his head?
     6. art. Used before plural nouns modified by few, good many, couple, great many, etc.
     7. art. Someone or something like; similar to; Used before a proper noun to create an example out of it.
           The center of the village was becoming a Times Square.
     8. prep. (archaic) To do with position or direction; In, on, at, by, towards, onto.
           Stand a tiptoe.
     9. prep. To do with separation; In, into.
           Torn a pieces.
     10. prep. To do with time; Each, per, in, on, by.
           I brush my teeth twice a day.
     11. prep. (obsolete) To do with method; In, with.
     12. prep. (obsolete) To do with role or capacity; In.
           A God’s name.
     13. prep. To do with status; In.
           King James Bible (II Chronicles 2:18)
             To set the people a worke.
     14. prep. (archaic) To do with process, with a passive verb; In the course of, experiencing.
           1964, Bob Dylan, The Times They Are a-Changin’
             The times, they are a-changin'.
     15. prep. (archaic) To do with an action, an active verb; Engaged in.
           1611, King James Bible, Hebrews 11-21
             Jacob, when he was a dying
     16. prep. (archaic) To do with an action/movement; To, into.
     17. v. (archaic, or slang) Have.
           I'd a come, if you'd a asked.
     18. pron. (obsolete, outside, England, and Scotland dialects) He.
     19. interj. A meaningless syllable; ah.
     20. prep. (archaic, slang) Of.
           The name of John a Gaunt.
     21. adv. (chiefly Scotland) All.
     22. adj. (chiefly Scotland) All.
whole
     1. adj. Entire.
           I ate a whole fish.
     2. adj.          (Used as an intensifier.)
                    I brought a whole lot of balloons for the party.   She ate a whole bunch of french fries.
     3. adj. Sound, uninjured, healthy.
           He is of whole mind, but the same cannot be said about his physical state.
     4. adj. (of food) From which none of its constituents has been removed.
           whole wheat; whole milk
     5. adj. (mining) As yet unworked.
     6. adv. (colloquial) In entirety; entirely; wholly.
           I ate a fish whole!
     7. n. Something complete, without any parts missing.
           This variety of fascinating details didn't fall together into an enjoyable, coherent whole.
     8. n. An entirety.
Mass
     1. n. (Roman Catholic Church) The principal liturgical service of the Church, including a scripture service and a eucharistic service, which includes the consecration and oblation (offering) of the host and
     2. n. A similar ceremony offered by a number of Christian churches.
     3. n. (music) A musical composition set to portions of the Mass.
     4. n. (physical) Matter, material.
     5. n.          A quantity of matter cohering together so as to make one body, or an aggregation of particles or things which collectively make one body or quantity, u
     6. n.          (obsolete) Precious metal, especially gold or silver.
     7. n.          (physics) The quantity of matter which a body contains, irrespective of its bulk or volume. It is one of four fundamental properties of matter. It is m
     8. n.          (pharmacy) A medicinal substance made into a cohesive, homogeneous lump, of consistency suitable for making pills; as, blue mass.
     9. n.          (medicine) A palpable or visible abnormal globular structure; a tumor.
     10. n.          (bodybuilding) Excess body weight, especially in the form of muscle hypertrophy.
     11. n.          (proscribed) (synonym of weight)
     12. n. A large quantity; a sum.
     13. n. (quantity) Large in number.
     14. n.          Bulk; magnitude; body; size.
     15. n.          The principal part; the main body.
     16. n.          A large body of individuals, especially persons.
                   The mass of spectators didn't see the infraction on the field.
                   A mass of ships converged on the beaches of Dunkirk.
     17. n.          (in the plural) The lower classes of persons.
                   The masses are revolting.
     18. v. To form or collect into a mass; to form into a collective body; to bring together into masses; to assemble.
     19. v. (intransitive) To have a certain mass.
           I mass 70 kilograms
     20. adj. Involving a mass of things; concerning a large quantity or number.
           There is evidence of mass extinctions in the distant past.
     21. adj. Involving a mass of people; of, for, or by the masses.
           Mass unemployment resulted from the financial collapse.
     22. n. (Christianity) The Eucharist, now especially in Roman Catholicism.
     23. n. (Christianity) Celebration of the Eucharist.
     24. n. (Christianity, usually as the Mass) The sacrament of the Eucharist.
     25. n. A musical setting of parts of the mass.
     26. v. (intransitive, obsolete) To celebrate mass.
or
     1. conj. Connects at least two alternative words, phrases, clauses, sentences, etc. each of which could make a passage true. In English, this is the "inclusive or." The "exclusive or" is formed by "either(...)
           In Ohio, anyone under the age of 18 who wants a tattoo or body piercing needs the consent of a parent or guardian.
           He might get cancer, or be hit by a bus, or God knows what.
     2. conj. (logic) An operator denoting the disjunction of two propositions or truth values. There are two forms, the inclusive or and the exclusive or.
     3. conj. Counts the elements before and after as two possibilities.
     4. conj. Otherwise (a consequence of the condition that the previous is false).
           It's raining! Come inside or you'll catch a cold!
     5. conj. Connects two equivalent names.
           The country Myanmar, or Burma
     6. n. (logic, electronics) alternative form of OR
     7. n. (tincture) The gold or yellow tincture on a coat of arms.
     8. adj. (tincture) Of gold or yellow tincture on a coat of arms.
     9. adv. (obsolete) Early (on).
     10. adv. (obsolete) Earlier, previously.
     11. prep. (now archaic, or dialect) Before; ere.
sum
     1. n. A quantity obtained by addition or aggregation.
           The sum of 3 and 4 is 7.
     2. n. (often plural) An arithmetic computation, especially one posed to a student as an exercise (not necessarily limited to addition).
           We're learning about division, and the sums are tricky.
     3. n. A quantity of money.
           a tidy sum
           the sum of forty pounds
     4. n. A summary; the principal points or thoughts when viewed together; the amount; the substance; compendium.
           This is the sum of all the evidence in the case.
           This is the sum and substance of his objections.
     5. n. A central idea or point.
     6. n. The utmost degree.
     7. n. (obsolete) An old English measure of corn equal to the quarter.
     8. v. To add together.
     9. v. To give a summary of.
     10. n. The basic unit of money in Kyrgyzstan.
     11. n. The basic unit of money in Uzbekistan.
collective
     1. adj. formed by gathering or collecting; gathered into a mass, sum, or body; congregated or aggregated
           the collective body of a nation
     2. adj. tending to collect; forming a collection
     3. adj. having plurality of origin or authority
     4. adj. (grammar) expressing a collection or aggregate of individuals, by a singular form
     5. adj. (obsolete) deducing consequences; reasoning; inferring.
     6. n. a farm owned by a collection of people
     7. n. (especially, in communist countries) one of more farms managed and owned, through the state, by the community
     8. n. (grammar) a collective noun or name
     9. n. (by extension) a group dedicated to a particular cause or interest
combined
     1. adj. Resulting from the addition of several sources, parts, elements, aspects, etc. able to be united together, to converge.
           The combined efforts of the emergency workers kept the river from going over its banks, barely.
     2. v. simple past tense and past participle of combine
           The cook combined equal parts chocolate and vanilla batter in the cake.
     3. n. (skiing) (ellipsis of alpine combined). An event in alpine skiing consisting of one run of downhill and two runs of slalom.
     4. n. (skiing) (ellipsis of nordic combined).
     combine
          1. v. To bring (two or more things or activities) together; to unite.
                Combine the milk and the hot water in a large bowl.   I'm combining business and pleasure on this trip.
          2. v. To have two or more things or properties that function together.
                Joe combines the intelligence of a rock with the honesty of a politician.
          3. v. (intransitive) To come together; to unite.
                two substances that easily combine
          4. v. (card games) In the game of casino, to play a card which will take two or more cards whose aggregate number of pips equals those of the card played.
          5. v. (obsolete) To bind; to hold by a moral tie.
          6. n. A combine harvester
                We can't finish harvesting because our combine is stuck in the mud.
          7. n. A combination
          8. n.          Especially, a joint enterprise of whatever legal form for a purpose of business or in any way promoting the interests of the participants, sometimes wi
                         The telecom companies were accused of having formed an illegal combine in order to hike up the network charges.
          9. n.          An industrial conglomeration in a socialist country, particularly in the former Soviet bloc.
added
     1. v. simple past tense and past participle of add
     add
          1. v. To join or unite (e.g. one thing to another, or as several particulars) so as to increase the number, augment the quantity or enlarge the magnitude, or so as to form into one aggregate.
          2. v. To sum up; to put together mentally.
                to add numbers
          3. v. To combine elements of (something) into one quantity.
                to add a column of numbers
          4. v. To give by way of increased possession (to someone); to bestow (on).
          5. v. To append (e,g, a statement); to say further information.
          6. v. (intransitive) To make an addition; to augment; to increase.
                It adds to our anxiety.
          7. v. (intransitive, mathematics) To perform the arithmetical operation of addition.
                He adds rapidly.
          8. n. (computer science) An act or instance of adding.
          9. n. (video games) An additional enemy that joined the fight after the primary target.
                After engaging the boss for one minute, two adds will arrive from the back and must be dealt with.
up
     1. adv. Away from the surface of the Earth or other planet; in opposite direction to the downward pull of gravity.
           I looked up and saw the airplane overhead.
     2. adv. (intensifier) Used as an aspect marker to indicate a completed action or state Thoroughly, completely.
           I will mix up the puzzle pieces.
           Tear up the contract.
           He really messed up.
           Please type up our monthly report.
     3. adv. To or from one's possession or consideration.
           I picked up some milk on the way home.
           The committee will take up your request.
           She had to give up her driver's license after the accident.
     4. adv. North.
           I will go up to New York to visit my family this weekend.
     5. adv. To a higher level of some quantity or notional quantity, such as price, volume, pitch, happiness, etc.
           Gold has gone up with the uncertainty in the world markets.
           Turn it up, I can barely hear it.
           Listen to your voice go up at the end of a question.
           Cheer up, the weekend's almost here.
     6. adv. (rail transport) Traditional term for the direction leading to the principal terminus, towards milepost zero.
     7. adv. (sailing) Against the wind or current.
     8. adv. (Cartesian graph) In a positive vertical direction.
     9. adv. (cricket) Relatively close to the batsman.
           The bowler pitched the ball up.
     10. adv. (hospitality, US) Without additional ice.
           Would you like that drink up or on ice?
     11. adv. (academia) Towards Cambridge or Oxford.
           She's going up to read Classics this September.
     12. adv. To or in a position of equal advance or equality; not short of, back of, less advanced than, away from, etc.; usually followed by to or with.
           I was up to my chin in water.
           A stranger came up and asked me for directions.
     13. adv. To or in a state of completion; completely; wholly; quite.
           Drink up. The pub is closing.
           Can you sum up your research?
           The comet burned up in the atmosphere.
           I need to sew up the hole in this shirt.
     14. adv. Aside, so as not to be in use.
           to lay up riches; put up your weapons
     15. prep. Toward the top of.
           The cat went up the tree.   They walk up the steps.
     16. prep. Toward the center, source, or main point of reference; toward the end at which something is attached.
           The information made its way up the chain of command to the general.   I felt something crawling up my arm.
     17. prep. Further along (in any direction).
           Go up the street until you see the sign.
     18. prep. From south to north of
     19. prep. From the mouth towards the source (of a river or waterway).
     20. prep. (vulgar slang) Of a man: having sex with.
           Phwoar, look at that bird. I'd love to be up her.
     21. prep. (colloquial) At (a given place, especially one imagined to be higher or more remote from a central location).
     22. adj. Awake.
           I can’t believe it’s 3 a.m. and you’re still up.
     23. adj. Finished, to an end
           Time is up!
     24. adj. In a good mood.
           I’m feeling up today.
     25. adj. Willing; ready.
           If you are up for a trip, let’s go.
     26. adj. Next in a sequence.
           Smith is up to bat.
     27. adj. Happening; new.
           What is up with that project at headquarters?
     28. adj. Facing upwards; facing toward the top.
           Put the notebook face up on the table.
           Take a break and put your feet up.
     29. adj. Larger; greater in quantity.
           Sales are up from last quarter.
     30. adj. Ahead; leading; winning.
           The home team were up by two goals at half-time.
     31. adj. Standing.
           Get up and give her your seat.
     32. adj. On a higher level.
           The new ground is up.
     33. adj. Available; made public.
           The new notices are up as of last Tuesday.
     34. adj. (poker, postnominal) Said of the higher-ranking pair in a two pair.
           AAKK = aces up
           QQ33 = queens up
     35. adj. Well-informed; current.
           I’m not up on the latest news. What’s going on?
     36. adj. (computing) Functional; working.
           Is the server back up?
     37. adj. (anchor, Adj_railway)(of a railway line or train) Traveling towards a major terminus.
           The London train is on the up line.
     38. adj. Headed, or designated to go, upward, as an escalator, stairway, elevator etc.
     39. adj. (bar tending) Chilled and strained into a stemmed glass.
           A Cosmopolitan is typically served up.
     40. adj. (slang) Erect.
     41. adj. (of the Sun or Moon) Above the horizon, in the sky (i.e. during daytime or night-time)
     42. adj. (slang) well-known; renowned
     43. n. The direction opposed to the pull of gravity.
           Up is a good way to go.
     44. n. A positive thing.
           I hate almost everything about my job. The only up is that it's so close to home.
     45. n. An upstairs room of a two story house.
           She lives in a two-up two-down.
     46. v. (transitive, colloquial) To increase or raise.
           If we up the volume, we'll be able to make out the details.
           We upped anchor and sailed away.
     47. v. (transitive, colloquial) To promote.
           It wasn’t long before they upped him to Vice President.
     48. v. (intransitive) To act suddenly, usually with another verb.
Dictionary entries from Wiktionary