| by |
| 1. prep. Near or next to. | |
| The mailbox is by the bus stop. | |
| 2. prep. At some time before (the given time), or before the end of a given time interval. | |
| Be back by ten o'clock! We will send it by the first week of July. | |
| 3. prep. Indicates the actor in a clause with its verb in the passive voice: Through the action or presence of. | |
| The matter was decided by the chairman. The boat was swamped by the water. He was protected by his body armour. | |
| 4. prep. Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of. | |
| There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare | |
| 5. prep. Indicates the cause of a condition or event: Through the action of, caused by, responsibility for; by dint of. | |
| 6. prep. Indicates a means: Involving/using the means of. | |
| I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking. | |
| 7. prep. Indicates a source of light used as illumination. | |
| The electricity was cut off, so we had to read by candlelight. | |
| 8. prep. Indicates an authority, rule, or permission followed. | |
| I sorted the items by category. By the power vested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife. | |
| 9. prep. Indicates the amount of some progression: With a change of. | |
| Our stock is up by ten percent. | |
| 10. prep. In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another. | |
| We went through the book page by page. We crawled forward by inches. | |
| 11. prep. Indicates a referenced source: According to. | |
| He cheated by his own admission. | |
| 12. prep. Indicates an oath: With the authority of. | |
| By Jove! I think she's got it! By all that is holy, I'll put an end to this. | |
| 13. prep. Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something. | |
| It is easy to invert a 2-by-2 matrix. The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot. The bricks used to build the wall measured 10 by 20 by 30 cm. | |
| 14. prep. (horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of. | |
| She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress. | |
| 15. adv. Along a path which runs by the speaker. | |
| I watched as it passed by. | |
| 16. adv. In the vicinity, near. | |
| There was a shepherd close by. | |
| The shop is hard by the High Street. | |
| 17. adv. To or at a place, as a residence or place of business. | |
| I'll stop by on my way home from work. | |
| We're right near the lifeguard station. Come by before you leave. | |
| 18. adv. Aside, away. | |
| The women spent much time after harvest putting jams by for winter and spring. | |
| 19. adj. Out of the way, subsidiary. | |
| 20. n. (card games) A pass | |
| 21. interj. alternative spelling of bye | |
| extension |
| 1. n. The act of extending; a stretching out; enlargement in length or breadth; an increase | |
| 2. n. The state of being extended | |
| 3. n. That property of a body by which it occupies a portion of space (or time, e.g. "spatiotemporal extension") | |
| 4. n. A part of a building that has been extended from the original | |
| 5. n. (semantics) Capacity of a concept or general term to include a greater or smaller number of objects; — correlative of intension. | |
| 6. n. (banking, finance) A written engagement on the part of a creditor, allowing a debtor further time to pay a debt. | |
| 7. n. (medicine) The operation of stretching a broken bone so as to bring the fragments into the same straight line. | |
| 8. n. (weightlifting) An exercise in which an arm or leg is straightened against resistance. | |
| 9. n. (fencing) A simple offensive action, consisting of extending the weapon arm forward. | |
| 10. n. (telecommunication) A numerical code used to specify a specific telephone in a telecommunication network. | |
| 11. n. (computing) A file extension. | |
| Files with the .txt extension usually contain text. | |
| 12. n. (computing) An optional software component that adds functionality to an application. | |
| a browser extension | |
| 13. n. (logic) The set of tuples of values that, used as arguments, satisfy the predicate. | |
| 14. n. (grammar) A kind of derivative morpheme applied to verbs in Bantu languages. | |
| of |
| 1. prep. Expressing distance or motion. | |
| 2. prep. (now obsolete, or dialectal) From (of distance, direction), "off". | |
| 3. prep. (obsolete except in phrases) Since, from (a given time, earlier state etc.). | |
| 4. prep. From, away from (a position, number, distance etc.). | |
| There are no shops within twenty miles of the cottage. | |
| 5. prep. (North America, Scotland, Ireland) Before (the hour); to. | |
| What's the time? / Nearly a quarter of three. | |
| 6. prep. Expressing separation. | |
| 7. prep. (Indicating removal, absence or separation, with the action indicated by a transitive verb and the quality or substance by a grammatical object.) | |
| Finally she was relieved of the burden of caring for her sick husband. | |
| 8. prep. (Indicating removal, absence or separation, with resulting state indicated by an adjective.) | |
| He seemed devoid of human feelings. | |
| 9. prep. (obsolete) (Indicating removal, absence or separation, construed with an intransitive verb.) | |
| 10. prep. Expressing origin. | |
| 11. prep. (Indicating an ancestral source or origin of descent.) | |
| The word is believed to be of Japanese origin. | |
| 12. prep. (Indicating a (non-physical) source of action or emotion; introducing a cause, instigation); from, out of, as an expression of. | |
| The invention was born of necessity. | |
| 13. prep. (following an intransitive verb) (Indicates the source or cause of the verb.) | |
| It is said that she died of a broken heart. | |
| 14. prep. (following an adjective) (Indicates the subject or cause of the adjective.) | |
| I am tired of all this nonsense. | |
| 15. prep. Expressing agency. | |
| 16. prep. (following a passive verb) (Indicates the agent (for most verbs, now usually expressed with by).) | |
| I am not particularly enamoured of this idea. | |
| 17. prep. (Used to introduce the "subjective genitive"; following a noun to form the head of a postmodifying noun phrase) (see also 'Possession' senses below). | |
| The contract can be terminated at any time with the agreement of both parties. | |
| 18. prep. (following an adjective) (Used to indicate the agent of something described by the adjective.) | |
| It was very brave of you to speak out like that. | |
| 19. prep. Expressing composition, substance. | |
| 20. prep. (after a verb expressing construction, making etc.) (Used to indicate the material or substance used.) | |
| Many 'corks' are now actually made of plastic. | |
| 21. prep. (directly following a noun) (Used to indicate the material of the just-mentioned object.) | |
| She wore a dress of silk. | |
| 22. prep. (Indicating the composition of a given collective or quantitative noun.) | |
| What a lot of nonsense! | |
| 23. prep. (Used to link a given class of things with a specific example of that class.) | |
| Welcome to the historic town of Harwich. | |
| 24. prep. (Links two nouns in near-apposition, with the first qualifying the second); "which is also". | |
| I'm not driving this wreck of a car. | |
| 25. prep. Introducing subject matter. | |
| 26. prep. (Links an intransitive verb, or a transitive verb and its subject (especially verbs to do with thinking, feeling, expressing etc.), with its subject-ma | |
| I'm always thinking of you. | |
| 27. prep. (following a noun (now chiefly nouns of knowledge, communication etc.)) (Introduces its subject matter); about, concerning. | |
| He told us the story of his journey to India. | |
| 28. prep. (following an adjective) (Introduces its subject matter.) | |
| This behaviour is typical of teenagers. | |
| 29. prep. Having partitive effect. | |
| 30. prep. (following a number or other quantitive word) (Introduces the whole for which is indicated only the specified part or segment); "from among". | |
| Most of these apples are rotten. | |
| 31. prep. (following a noun) (Indicates a given part.) | |
| 32. prep. (now archaic, literary, with preceding partitive word assumed, or as a predicate after to be) Some, an amount of, one of. | |
| On the whole, they seem to be of the decent sort. | |
| 33. prep. (Links to a genitive noun or possessive pronoun, with partitive effect (though now often merged with possessive senses, below).) | |
| He is a friend of mine. | |
| 34. prep. Expressing possession. | |
| 35. prep. Belonging to, existing in, or taking place in a given location, place or time. Compare "origin" senses, above. | |
| He was perhaps the most famous scientist of the twentieth century. | |
| 36. prep. Belonging to (a place) through having title, ownership or control over it. | |
| The owner of the nightclub was arrested. | |
| 37. prep. Belonging to (someone or something) as something they possess or have as a characteristic; (the "possessive genitive". (With abstract nouns, this inter | |
| Keep the handle of the saucepan away from the flames. | |
| 38. prep. Forming the "objective genitive". | |
| 39. prep. (Follows an agent noun, verbal noun or noun of action.) | |
| She had a profound distrust of the police. | |
| 40. prep. Expressing qualities or characteristics. | |
| 41. prep. (now archaic, or literary) (Links an adjective with a noun or noun phrase to form a quasi-adverbial qualifier); in respect to, as regards. | |
| My companion seemed affable and easy of manner. | |
| 42. prep. (Indicates a quality or characteristic); "characterized by". | |
| Pooh was said to be a bear of very little brain. | |
| 43. prep. (Indicates quantity, age, price, etc.) | |
| We have been paying interest at a rate of 10%. | |
| 44. prep. (US, informal considered incorrect by some) (Used to link singular indefinite nouns (preceded by the indefinite article) and attributive adjectives mod | |
| It's not that big of a deal. | |
| 45. prep. Expressing a point in time. | |
| 46. prep. (chiefly regional) During the course of (a set period of time, day of the week etc.), now specifically with implied repetition or regularity. | |
| Of an evening, we would often go for a stroll along the river. | |
| 47. prep. (UK dialectal, chiefly in negative constructions) For (a given length of time). | |
| I've not tekken her out of a goodly long while. | |
| 48. prep. (after a noun) (Indicates duration of a state, activity etc.) | |
| After a delay of three hours, the plane finally took off. | |
| doubtful |
| 1. adj. Subject to, or causing doubt. | |
| 2. adj. Experiencing or showing doubt, sceptical. | |
| 3. adj. Undecided or of uncertain outcome. | |
| 4. adj. (obsolete) Fearsome, dreadful. | |
| 5. adj. Improbable or unlikely. | |
| 6. adj. Suspicious, or of dubious character. | |
| 7. adj. Unclear or unreliable. | |
| 8. n. A doubtful person or thing. | |
| authenticity |
| 1. n. The quality of being genuine or not corrupted from the original. | |
| I hereby certify the authenticity of this copy. | |
| 2. n. Truthfulness of origins, attributions, commitments, sincerity, and intentions. | |
| The authenticity of this painting is questionable. | |
| 3. n. (obsolete) The quality of being authentic (of established authority). | |
| or |
| 1. conj. Connects at least two alternative words, phrases, clauses, sentences, etc. each of which could make a passage true. In English, this is the "inclusive or." The "exclusive or" is formed by "either(...) | |
| In Ohio, anyone under the age of 18 who wants a tattoo or body piercing needs the consent of a parent or guardian. | |
| He might get cancer, or be hit by a bus, or God knows what. | |
| 2. conj. (logic) An operator denoting the disjunction of two propositions or truth values. There are two forms, the inclusive or and the exclusive or. | |
| 3. conj. Counts the elements before and after as two possibilities. | |
| 4. conj. Otherwise (a consequence of the condition that the previous is false). | |
| It's raining! Come inside or you'll catch a cold! | |
| 5. conj. Connects two equivalent names. | |
| The country Myanmar, or Burma | |
| 6. n. (logic, electronics) alternative form of OR | |
| 7. n. (tincture) The gold or yellow tincture on a coat of arms. | |
| 8. adj. (tincture) Of gold or yellow tincture on a coat of arms. | |
| 9. adv. (obsolete) Early (on). | |
| 10. adv. (obsolete) Earlier, previously. | |
| 11. prep. (now archaic, or dialect) Before; ere. | |
| lacking |
| 1. v. present participle of lack | |
| 2. n. The absence of something; a lack. | |
| 3. adj. Missing or not having enough of (a good quality, etc). | |
| This cheese is lacking in pungency. | |
| 4. adj. not carrying a firearm | |
| are you packing or lacking? | |
| lack |
| 1. n. (obsolete) A defect or failing; moral or spiritual degeneracy. | |
| 2. n. A deficiency or need (of something desirable or necessary); an absence, want. | |
| 3. v. To be without, to need, to require. | |
| My life lacks excitement. | |
| 4. v. (intransitive) To be short (of or for something). | |
| He'll never lack for company while he's got all that money. | |
| 5. v. (intransitive, obsolete) To be in want. | |
| 6. v. (obsolete) To see the deficiency in (someone or something); to find fault with, to malign, reproach. | |
| authority |
| 1. n. The power to enforce rules or give orders. | |
| I have the authority to penalise the staff in my department, but not the authority to sack them. | |
| She lost all her respect and authority after turning up drunk to the meeting. | |
| Respect my authority! | |
| 2. n. (used in singular or plural form) Persons in command; specifically, government. | |
| 3. n. A person accepted as a source of reliable information on a subject. | |
| the world's foremost authority on orangutans | |
| 4. n. Government-owned agency which runs a revenue-generating activity. | |
| New York Port Authority | |
| not |
| 1. adv. Negates the meaning of the modified verb. | |
| Did you take out the trash? No, I did not. | |
| Not knowing any better, I went ahead. | |
| 2. adv. To no degree. | |
| That is not red; it's orange. | |
| 3. conj. And not. | |
| I wanted a plate of shrimp, not a bucket of chicken. | |
| He painted the car blue and black, not solid purple. | |
| 4. interj. (slang) Used to indicate that the previous phrase was meant sarcastically or ironically. | |
| I really like hanging out with my little brother watching Barney... not! | |
| Sure, you're perfect the way you are... not! | |
| 5. n. Unary logical function NOT, true if input is false, or a gate implementing that negation function. | |
| You need a not there to conform with the negative logic of the memory chip. | |
| 6. contraction. (obsolete) Contraction of ne wot, wot not; know not; knows not. | |
| regarded |
| 1. v. simple past tense and past participle of regard | |
| regard |
| 1. n. A steady look, a gaze. | |
| 2. n. One's concern for another; esteem. | |
| 3. n. (preceded by “in” or “with”) A particular aspect or detail; respect, sense. | |
| 4. n. The worth or estimation in which something or someone is held. | |
| He is held in great regard in Whitehall. | |
| 5. v. To look at; to observe. | |
| She regarded us warily. | |
| 6. v. To consider, look upon (something) in a given way etc. | |
| I always regarded tabloid journalism as a social evil. | |
| He regards honesty as a duty. | |
| 7. v. (transitive, archaic) To take notice of, pay attention to. | |
| 8. v. To face toward. | |
| 9. v. To have to do with, to concern. | |
| That argument does not regard the question. | |
| 10. v. (transitive, obsolete) To set store by (something), to hold (someone) in esteem; to consider to have value, to respect. | |
| As |
| 1. n. plural of A | |
| She went from getting Cs and Ds to earning straight As. | |
| 2. adv. To such an extent or degree. | |
| You’re not as tall as I am. | |
| It's not as well made, but it's twice as expensive. | |
| 3. adv. In the manner or role specified. | |
| The kidnappers released him as agreed. | |
| The parties were seen as agreeing on a range of issues. | |
| He was never seen as the boss, but rather as a friend. | |
| 4. adv. (dated) For example (compare such as). | |
| 5. conj. In the same way that; according to what. | |
| Do as I say! | |
| I'm under a lot of pressure, as you know. | |
| As you wish, my lord! | |
| 6. conj. At the same instant that; when. | |
| As I came in, she flew. | |
| 7. conj. At the same time that; while. | |
| He sleeps as the rain falls. | |
| 8. conj. Varying through time in the same proportion that. | |
| As my fear grew, so did my legs become heavy. | |
| 9. conj. Being that, considering that, because, since. | |
| As it’s too late, I quit. | |
| 10. conj. Introducing a basis of comparison, after as, so, or a comparison of equality. | |
| She's twice as strong as I was two years ago. | |
| It's not so complicated as I expected. | |
| 11. conj. (dated) Introducing a comparison with a hypothetical state (+ subjunctive); ‘as though’, ‘as if’. | |
| 12. conj. Introducing a comparison with a hypothetical state with the verb elided; as if, as though. | |
| 13. conj. (now England, US, regional) Functioning as a relative conjunction; that. | |
| 14. conj. Expressing concession; though. | |
| 15. conj. (obsolete, rare) Than. | |
| 16. prep. Introducing a basis of comparison, with an object in the objective case. | |
| You are not as tall as me. | |
| They're big as houses. | |
| 17. prep. In the role of. | |
| What is your opinion as a parent? | |
| 18. n. (unit of weight) A libra. | |
| 19. n. Any of several coins of Rome, coined in bronze or later copper; or the equivalent value. | |
| 20. n. plural of a | |
| canonical |
| 1. adj. Present in a canon, religious or otherwise. | |
| The Gospel of Luke is a canonical New Testament book. | |
| 2. adj. According to recognised or orthodox rules. | |
| The men played golf in the most canonical way, with no local rules. | |
| 3. adj. Stated or used in the most basic and straightforwardly applicable manner. | |
| the reduction of a linear substitution to its canonical form | |
| 4. adj. Prototypical. | |
| 5. adj. (religion) In conformity with canon law. | |
| 6. adj. (music) In the form of a canon. | |
| 7. adj. (religion) Of or pertaining to an ecclesiastical chapter | |
| 8. adj. (mathematics, computing) In canonical form. | |
| 9. adj. (mathematics) Distinguished among entities of its kind, so that it can be picked out in a way that does not depend on any arbitrary choices. | |
| 10. n. (Roman Catholicism) The formal robes of a priest | |
