1
de
©
1. art. the (definite article, masculine and feminine singular, plural)
De man - The man (masculine singular)
De vrouw - The woman (feminine singular)
Het boek - The book (neuter singular)
De boeken - The books (neuter plural) 2
van
©
1. prep. of (possession, property)
de hoed van het meisje - the hat of the girl
het gewicht van een olifant - the weight of an elephant
2. prep. of (general association)
Zij was van adel. - She was of noble stock. 3
een
©
1. art. (indefinite article) Placed before a singular noun, indicating a general case of a person or thing: a, an. Compare with de and het . 4
het
©
1. art. the (the neuter definite article)
het boek
the book
het meisje
the girl 5
en
©
1. conj. and
De oude man en de zee. - The Old Man and the Sea.
2. conj. well, so
En, hoe gaat het ermee? - Well, how're you doing?
En? - Well? 6
in
©
1. adv. in, inside
2. adv. (postpositional) into
De jongen rende het huis in. - The boy ran into the house.
3. prep. in (expressing containment)
De geest in de fles - the genie in the bottle 7
is
1. v. third-person singular present indicative of zijn; is, equals
Twaalf min drie is negen — twelve minus three equals nine
2. adv. (informal, dialect) misspelling of 's 8
dat
©
1. det. that (neuter); referring to a thing or a person further away.
dat huis - that house
dat kind - that child
2. pron. (demonstrative) that, that there
Wat is dat? - What is that? 9
op
1. adv. up
De bal stuiterde op en neer. - The ball bounced up and down.
2. adv. (postpositional) onto, up onto
De kat klom gisteren het dak op. - The cat climbed onto the roof yesterday.
3. adv. Used in separative verbs meaning “to go away” with rude connotations. 10
te
©
1. adv. too (indicating excess)
Te veel is nooit goed! - Too much is never good!
Te gek! - Too crazy!
2. prep. (modifying an infinitive verb) to
Er is iets te eten - there is something to eat 11
zijn
©
1. v. To be, to exist.
Zijn of niet zijn, dat is de vraag. - To be or not to be, that is the question.
Was je er afgelopen zaterdag ook? - Were you there too last Saturday?
2. v. Used to connect a noun to an adjective that describes it.
De bal is rond. - The ball is round. 12
voor
©
1. prep. for
2. prep. before
3. prep. in front of
4. n-n. pro, advantage, upside, positive
Hij overwoog het voor en tegen. - He considered the pros and cons. 13
met
©
1. prep. with, along with (another person)
2. prep. with, using (a tool, instrument or other means)
3. prep. at, for, during (a holiday/festivity)
Heb je zin om met kerst bij ons langs te komen? - Do you fancy visiting us for Christmas?
4. prep. (telephone) (Used to answer a telephone call, followed by one's name, shortened from "u spreekt met...") 14
die
©
1. det. that (masculine, feminine); referring to a thing or a person further away.
die boom
that tree
die vrouw
that woman 15
niet
©
1. adv. Not, no: used to express negation.
Niet storen! - Do not disturb!
Dat is niet waar. - That is not true.
2. n-f. staple
3. v. first-person singular present indicative of nieten 16
aan
1. prep. on
2. prep. to
3. adv. on, (of a device) being operative
4. adv. on, (of clothing) being worn
5. adv. In compounds with verbs: 17
er
1. adv. there (unspecific to distance)
2. adv. (with a preposition) it; him, her, them.
Ik heb ermee gewerkt. - I have worked with it/them.
Je kunt er de bergen boven zien. - You can see the mountains above it/them.
3. adv. (partitive pronoun) of them, of those (often not translated in English) 18
om
©
1. prep. around, about
2. prep. at (a time)
3. adv. around, about
4. adv. around, over (to another state)
Hij zette de schakelaar om. - He turned the switch over. 19
ook
©
1. adv. also, too, moreover
Dat kan ik ook. - I can do that too.
Mentale gezondheid is ook gezondheid. - Mental health is also health.
2. adv. (in negative sentences) either
Ik kan dat ook niet. - I can't do that either. 20
als
©
1. conj. (subordinating) if, when
Als je die knop indrukt, gaat de computer uit. - If you push that button, the computer will turn off.
2. conj. when, as soon as
Als het regent worden alle daken nat. - When it rains all the roofs get wet.
3. conj. (Suriname) if, whether