| sie |
| 1. pron. she | |
| 2. pron. it (when the object/article/thing/animal etc., referred to, is feminine (die)) | |
| 3. pron. they; them | |
| lassen sie ihn! |
| nachdem sie sich |
| es |
| 1. pron. it (referring to things) | |
| 2. pron. he (with reference to male creatures, people etc. that are grammatically neuter) | |
| 3. pron. she (with reference to female creatures, people etc. that are grammatically neuter) | |
| 4. pron. (for impersonal verbs) it | |
| Es regnet. - It’s raining. | |
| 5. art. (regional, colloquial) alternative form of das | |
| Soll ich es Fenster zumachen? | |
| Should I close the window? | |
| Können |
| 1. n-n. (gerund of können); skill, ability | |
| 2. v. (auxiliary, with an infinitive, past participle: “können”) To be able (to do something); can. | |
| Kannst du ihm helfen? — “Are you able to help him?” | |
| Ich hätte das machen können. — “I could have done that.” | |
| 3. v. (auxiliary, with an infinitive, past participle: “können”) To be allowed (to do something); to be permitted (to do something); may. | |
| Kann ich mitkommen? — “May I come along?” | |
| Er hat nicht ins Kino gehen können. — “He was not allowed to go to the cinema.” | |
| 4. v. (transitive, past participle: “gekonnt”) To know how to do (something); to know; to understand; to be able to do (something); to be capable of; can do (something). | |
| Ich kann Deutsch und Englisch. — “I know German and English.” | |
| Kannst du es? — “Can you do it?” | |
| Das hätte ich nicht gekonnt. — “I couldn’t have done that.” or “I wouldn’t have been capable of that.” | |
| 5. v. (intransitive, past participle: “gekonnt”) To be able to do something implied; can. | |
| Nein, ich kann nicht. — “No, I can’t.” | |
| Er hat gekonnt. — “He was able to do it.” | |
| 6. v. (intransitive, colloquial, usually in negation) to be possible, to make sense | |
| Nächstes Jahr is’n Schaltjahr. – Das kann nich’. Letztes Jahr war doch Schaltjahr! | |
| Next year is a leap year. – That’s not possible. Last year was a leap year! | |
| mir |
| 1. pron. (personal) dative of ich: me, to me: | |
| Er gab es mir. - He gave it to me. | |
| 2. pron. (regional, dialectal or colloquial) alternative form of wir we | |
| sagte ich mir |
| sie gefiel mir sehr |
| Ja |
| 1. n. a yes | |
| 2. adv. yes | |
| Willst du das? Ja. — “Do you want that? Yes.” | |
| Aber ja! — “Yes, of course!” | |
| 3. adv. (intensifier) obviously; certainly; of course; really; just; as you know; as is generally known (indicates and emphasises that one is expressing a known fact) | |
| Es kann ja nicht immer so bleiben. — “It obviously cannot always remain so.” | |
| Der Peter war ja gestern krank. – “Peter was sick yesterday, as you know.” | |
| 4. interj. yes | |
| zurückgeben |
| 1. v. to return (to give something back) | |
| was |
| 1. pron. (interrogative) what | |
| Was machst du heute? - What are you doing today? | |
| 2. pron. (relative) which (referring to the entire preceding clause) | |
| Sie tanzte gut, was er bewunderte. - She was a good dancer, which he admired. | |
| 3. pron. (relative) that, which (referring to das, m, and neuter substantival adjectives) | |
| Das ist alles, was ich will. - That's all that I want. | |
| Das ist das Beste, was mir passieren konnte. - That's the best that could have happened to me. | |
| 4. pron. (relative, colloquial) that, which (referring to neuter singular nouns, instead of standard das) | |
| Siehst du das weiße Haus, was renoviert wird? - Do you see that white house, which is being renovated? | |
| 5. pron. (indefinite, colloquial) something, anything (instead of standard etwas) | |
| Ich hab was gefunden. - I've found something. | |
| 6. adv. (colloquial) a little, somewhat | |
| Ich komm' was später. - I'll arrive a little later. | |
| ach was |
| was hörte er |
| Sie |
| 1. pron. you (polite; singular and plural) | |
| Was möchten Sie, Frau Wagner? - What would you like to have, Mrs. Wagner? | |
| 2. pron. she | |
| 3. pron. it (when the object/article/thing/animal etc., referred to, is feminine (die)) | |
| 4. pron. they; them | |
| nicht |
| 1. adv. not | |
| Bitte nicht stören! | |
| Please do not disturb! | |
| Das ist nicht wahr. | |
| That is not true. | |
| 2. interj. (tag question, dated or formal) right?; is it?; is it not? | |
| Du bist sicher die Claudia, nicht? | |
| You must be Claudia, aren't you? | |
| ich will nicht! |
| ich weiß nicht |
| brauchen |
| 1. v. to need, to be in need of | |
| Ich brauche deine Hilfe. - I need your help. | |
| 2. v. to need to, to have to (in negation or with the adverb nur) | |
| Du brauchst nicht auf mich (zu) warten. - You don’t need to wait for me. | |
| Sie braucht mich nur an(zu)rufen. - She just needs to call me. | |
