| je |
| 1. pron. I | |
| ne |
| 1. part. (literary) not (used alone to negate a verb; now chiefly with only a few particular verbs: see usage notes) | |
| 2. part. not, no (used before a verb, with a coordinating negative element usually following; see Usage Notes, below) | |
| 3. part. (Used in a subordinate clause before a subjunctive verb (especially when the main verb expresses doubt or fear), to provide extra overtones of doubt or uncertainty (but not negating its verb); the so- | |
| 4. part. In comparative clauses usually translated with the positive sense of the subsequent negative | |
| Apprendre le français est plus facile qu'on ne pense. - Learning French is easier than you (might) think. | |
| ai |
| 1. v. first-person singular present indicative of avoir | |
| J'ai un chien. - I have a dog. | |
| avoir |
| 1. n-m. asset, possession | |
| 2. v. to have (to own; to possess) | |
| J'aimerais avoir 20 dollars. - I would like to have 20 dollars. | |
| 3. v. (auxiliary) to have (auxiliary verb to form compound past tenses of most verbs) | |
| J'ai parlé. - I have spoken, I spoke. | |
| Qu'est-ce que vous m'avez fait ? - What have you done to me? | |
| 4. v. to have (a condition) | |
| J'ai faim. - I have hunger. | |
| J'ai soif. - I have thirst. | |
| J'ai froid. - I have cold. | |
| J'ai chaud. - I have hot. | |
| J'ai la chiasse. - I have the shits. | |
| J'ai le rhume. - I have a cold. | |
| J'ai le SIDA. - I have AIDS. | |
| J'ai de la fièvre. - I've got a fever. | |
| 5. v. to have (a measure or age) | |
| Elle a 19 ans. - She has 19 years. | |
| 6. v. to have (to trick) | |
| Tu t'es fait avoir. - You've been had. | |
| 7. v. to have (to participate in an experience) | |
| avoir des relations sexuelles - to have sexual relations | |
| 8. v. (indtr, à) to have (to), must +preo, à, infinitive | |
| J'ai à vous parler. - I have to talk to you. | |
| jamais |
| 1. adv. (ne ... jamais) never | |
| Je ne l’ai jamais vue. - I’ve never seen her. | |
| 2. adv. ever | |
| Es-tu jamais allé en France ? - Have you ever been to France? | |
| entendu |
| 1. Participle. past participle of entendre | |
| 2. adj. understood | |
| 3. adj. heard | |
| 4. adj. accepted, decided following a discussion | |
| entendre |
| 1. v. to hear | |
| 2. v. to be able to hear | |
| 3. v. (literary) to listen to | |
| 4. v. (formal) to mean | |
| Qu'entendez-vous par là ? - What do you mean by that?entendez-vous par là ?, What do you mean by that? | |
| Qu'entendait-il par « attristé par la tranquilité » ? - What does he mean by "saddened by the tranquility"?entendait-il par « attristé par la tranquilité » ?, What does he mean by "saddened by | |
| 5. v. to agree with each other | |
| 6. v. to have good relations with; to get on; to get along | |
| Je m'entends bien avec elle. - I get along well with her.entends bien avec elle., I get along well with her. | |
| Si seulement mes enfants s’entendaient ! - If only my kids got along! | |
| 7. v. (takes a reflexive pronoun) to be good or competent at something | |
| s'y entendre en (...) - to be good at ... | |
| 8. v. (rare) to desire; to wish; to intend | |
| comme je l’entends - as I wish | |
| J'entends bien régler cette question une bonne fois pour toutes. - I fully intend to solve this issue once and for all.entends bien régler cette question une bonne fois pour toutes., I fully in | |
| 9. v. (dated) to demand | |
| 10. v. (dated) to know | |
| parler |
| 1. v. to speak, talk | |
| Il a commencé à parler à l’âge de quatre ans. - He began to speak at the age of four. | |
| Ils ont parlé plusieurs heures avant d’aller se coucher. - They spoke several hours before going to sleep. | |
| 2. v. to be able to communicate in a language; to speak | |
| Elle parle couramment français. - She speaks French fluently | |
| 3. v. (heraldry) to cant; (of a coat of arms) to make a pun of its bearer's name | |
| Armes parlantes. | |
| 4. v. takes a reflexive pronoun | |
| se parler à soi-même - to talk to oneself | |
| 5. n-m. parlance | |
| 6. n-m. vernacular, dialect | |
| entendre parler |
| 1. v. (indtr, que) to hear (of) | |
| Est-ce que tu as entendu parler de l'homme qui est arrivé ? - Have you heard about the person who just arrived? | |
| Vous n'en entendrez plus jamais parler. - You will never hear about it again. | |
| Vous avez dû entendre parler que ... - You had to have heard that ..., You had to have heard that ... | |
| de |
| 1. prep. of (expresses belonging) | |
| Paris est la capitale de la France. - Paris is the capital of France. | |
| 2. prep. of (used to express property or association) | |
| Œuvres de Fermat - Fermat’s Works | |
| Elle est la femme de mon ami. - She is my friend’s wife. | |
| le voisin de Gabriel - Gabriel's neighbor | |
| 3. prep. from (used to indicate origin) | |
| Elle vient de France. - She comes from France. | |
| Êtes-vous de Suisse ? - Are you from Switzerland? | |
| Ce fromage vient d’Espagne. - This cheese is from Spain. | |
| C’est de l’ouest de la France. - It’s from the west of France. | |
| Le train va de Paris à Bordeaux. - The train goes from Paris to Bordeaux. | |
| 4. prep. of (indicates an amount) | |
| 5 kilos de pommes. - 5 kilograms of apples. | |
| Un verre de vin - A glass of wine | |
| Une portion de frites - A portion of fries | |
| 5. prep. used attributively, often translated into English as a compound word | |
| Un jus de pomme - Apple juice | |
| Un verre de vin - A glass of wine | |
| Une boîte de nuit - A nightclub | |
| Un chien de garde - A guarddog | |
| Une voiture de sport - A sportscar | |
| Un stade de football - A football stadium | |
| 6. prep. from (used to indicate the start of a time or range) | |
| De 9:00 à 11:00 je ne serai pas libre. - From 9 to 11 I won’t be free. | |
| Je travaille de huit heures à midi. - I work from 8 o'clock to noon. | |
| un groupe de cinq à huit personnes - a group of from five to eight people | |
| 7. prep. used after certain verbs before an infinitive, often translated into English as a gerund or an infinitive | |
| J’ai arrêté de fumer. - I stopped smoking. | |
| Il continue de m’embêter. - He keeps annoying me. | |
| Elle m’a dit de venir. - She told me to come. | |
| Nous vous exhortons de venir. - We urge you to come. | |
| 8. prep. by (indicates the amount of change) | |
| Boire trois tasses par jour réduirait de 20 % les risques de contracter une maladie. - Drinking three cups a day would reduce the risks of catching an illness by 20%. | |
| 9. art. Used in the plural with prepositioned adjectives. | |
| Ce sont de bons enfants. - They are good children. | |
| Il y a d’autres exemples. - There are other examples. | |
| 10. art. Used in negated sentences with the grammatical object. | |
| Elle n’a pas de mère. - She doesn’t have a mother. | |
| Il ne mange pas de viande. - He doesn’t eat meat. | |
| Il n’y a pas de problèmes. - There are no problems. | |
| 11. n-f. abbreviation of dame | |
| cette |
| 1. det. feminine singular of ce | |
| affaire |
| 1. n-f. business; matter; affair | |
| affaire importante - important business | |
| C'est une affaire d'honneur. - It is a matter of honor. | |
| C'est l'affaire d'une minute. - It's a matter of a minute. | |
| C'est mon affaire, pas la vôtre. - It's my business, not yours. | |
| 2. n-f. deal, transaction, bargain | |
| conclure une affaire - to close a deal | |
| 3. n-f. business, enterprise | |
| monter une affaire - to set up a business | |
| Ils ont repris l'affaire familiale. - They took over the family business. | |
| 4. n-f. affair, scandal | |
| l'affaire Dreyfus - the Dreyfus affair | |
| Affaire Fillon - Fillon affair | |
| 5. n-f. (law) case, trial | |
| L'affaire O.J. Simpson fut une des plus médiatisées. - The O. J. Simpson case was one of the most publicized. | |
| 6. n-f. (informal) things; stuff | |
| 7. n-f. (informal, chiefly in the plural) belonging (something physical that is owned) | |
| 8. n-f. (informal, Quebec) thingamajig | |
| 9. n-f. (informal, Louisiana French) thing | |
