| est |
| 1. adj. east | |
| 2. n-m. east | |
| 3. v. third-person singular present indicative of être | |
| être |
| 1. v. to be | |
| Vous devez être plus clairs. - You must be clearer. | |
| 2. v. (auxiliary) Used to form the perfect and pluperfect tense of (including all reflexive verbs) | |
| Après être allé au yoga, je suis rentré chez moi. - After having gone to yoga, I came back home. | |
| 3. v. (semi-auxiliary) to be (Used to form the passive voice) | |
| Il peut être battu ce soir. - He can be beaten this evening. | |
| 4. n-m. being, creature | |
| 5. n-m. being, the state or fact of existence | |
| ce |
| 1. det. this, that | |
| 2. pron. (subject of être, with predicative adjectives or relative clauses, singular only) it, this, that (see § Usage notes, below) | |
| C'est beau ! - It is beautiful! | |
| est-ce que...? - is it that...? | |
| ce dont je parlais - that which I was speaking of | |
| C'eût été avec plaisir, mais... - It would have been with pleasure, but... | |
| C'eût été dommage... - It would have been a pity... | |
| 3. pron. (subject of être, with predicate nouns) he, she, it, this, that | |
| C'est un/une célébrité. - He/she is a celebrity. | |
| Ce sont des célébrités. - These are celebrities. | |
| Ce sont des gens bien. - These are good people. | |
| ce semble - it seems | |
| ce peuvent être... - these may be... | |
| que |
| 1. conj. that (introduces a subordinate noun clause and connects it to its parent clause) | |
| Je vois que tu parles bien français. - I see that you speak French well. | |
| 2. conj. Substitutes for another, previously stated conjunction. | |
| Si le temps est beau et que tout le monde est d'accord, nous mangerons en plein air. - If the weather is nice and if everyone likes the idea, we'll eat outside. | |
| 3. conj. when, no sooner | |
| Il était à peine parti qu’elle a téléphoné à la police. - No sooner had he left when she called the police. | |
| 4. conj. (Links two noun phrases in apposition forming a clause without a (finite) verb, such that the complement acts as predicate.) | |
| 5. conj. introduces a comparison | |
| 6. conj. (comparisons of superiority or inferiority) than | |
| Il est plus grand que son père. - He is taller than his father. | |
| 7. conj. (comparisons of equality) as | |
| Elle est aussi intelligente que toi. - She is as smart as you. | |
| 8. conj. (used with ne) only, just; but, nothing but | |
| Je ne mange que des fruits. - I eat nothing but fruit. | |
| 9. conj. how (in rhetorical interjections) | |
| Que c'est beau! - How beautiful it is! | |
| Mais que t'es drôle, quoi. - Oh, how funny you are. | |
| 10. pron. (tlb, interrogative) | |
| 11. pron. (slightly formal, accusative) (The inanimate direct-object interrogative pronoun.) | |
| Que pensez-vous de cette peinture ? - What do you think of that painting? | |
| Qu'auriez-vous fait d'autre ? - What else would you have done? | |
| 12. pron. (slightly formal, nominative) (The inanimate subject or predicative interrogative pronoun.) | |
| Qu'est-il arrivé ? - What happened? | |
| Que me vaut cette visite ? - To what do I owe this visit? | |
| Que sommes-nous ? - What are we? | |
| 13. pron. (accusative, relative) (The direct object relative pronoun.) | |
| C'est un homme que je connais très bien. - He's a man whom I know very well. | |
| Je viens de lire la lettre que vous m'avez envoyée. - I've just read the letter that you sent me. | |
| ce que |
| 1. pron. (accusative, relative) what (relative pronoun - direct object) | |
| C'est ce que font les gens bien. - This is what good people do. | |
| Cela n'est pas ce que je voulais. - That isn't what I wanted. | |
| Il avait bien conscience de ce qu'il avait fait. - He knew perfectly well what he had done. | |
| Ce que dit le roi est vrai, parce que le roi le dit. - What the king says is true, because the king says it. | |
| A est à B ce que C est à D - A is to B as C is to D | |
| 2. pron. (accusative, interrogative) what (in indirect questions) | |
| Savez-vous ce qu’il dit ? - Do you know what he says? | |
| Savez-vous ce que vous faites ? - Do you know what you're doing? | |
| est-ce que |
| 1. part. Used to introduce a yes-or-no question. | |
| Est-ce que tu veux une chambre ? - Do you want a bedroom? | |
| Est-ce qu’elle est arrivée ? - Has she arrived? | |
| 2. part. Used after a preposed interrogative to introduce the remainder of the question. | |
| Quand est-ce que les élèves retournent à l’école ? - When do the students return to school? | |
| Combien de musées est-ce qu’il y a en France ? - How many museums are there in France? | |
| tu |
| 1. pron. you (singular); thou | |
| 2. Participle. past participle of taire | |
| 3. part. (Quebec, informal) (question marker) | |
| C'est-tu possible ? - Is it possible? | |
| taire |
| 1. v. to quieten, to shut up, to silence | |
| Faites taire vos enfants ! - Shut your children up! | |
| 2. v. to shut up (one's self), to be quiet, to fall silent, to stop talking | |
| Tais-toi! - Be quiet!/Shut up! | |
| 3. v. To keep (a matter) quiet, to keep secret, not to say | |
| Je l'ai entendu de quelqu'un dont je préfère taire le nom. - I heard it from someone whose name I'd rather keep to myself. | |
| sens |
| 1. n-m. meaning, sense | |
| le sens ultime de la vie - the ultimate meaning of life | |
| Les mots ont un sens. - Words have meanings. | |
| 2. n-m. sense, sensation | |
| 3. n-m. sense, intelligence | |
| bon sens - common sense | |
| Je préfère fréquenter ceux qui manquent de bon sens. | |
| 4. n-m. direction of circulation | |
| voie à sens unique | |
| en tous sens, dans tous les sens | |
| 5. v. first-person singular present indicative of sentir | |
| 6. v. second-person singular present indicative of sentir | |
| 7. v. second-person singular imperative of sentir | |
| sentir |
| 1. v. to smell (to have a certain odor) | |
| Ça sent bon. - It smells good. | |
| 2. v. to taste | |
| 3. v. to feel (physical perception) | |
| 4. v. to smell of, taste of | |
| Ce repas sent l’ail. - This meal smells/tastes of garlic. | |
| 5. v. to smack of; to indicate, foreshadow | |
| Ça sent la pluie. - It looks like rain. | |
| 6. v. to have the character, manner, feeling or appearance of; to give a feeling of | |
| 7. v. to feel, be aware of, be conscious of | |
| 8. v. to feel (in oneself) | |
| 9. v. to show, be felt (of effect, improvement etc.) | |
| un |
| 1. art. an, a | |
| 2. num. number box, fr | |
| 3. num. one | |
| 4. pron. one, someone | |
| 5. n-m. one (the number or figure) | |
| goût |
| 1. n-m. taste, flavour | |
| C'est un goût subtil. - It's a subtle taste. | |
| 2. n-m. taste, discrimination | |
| Ils ont le même goût musical. - They have the same taste in music. | |
| Nous avons des activités pour tous les goûts. - We have activities for all tastes. | |
| 3. n-m. taste (sense) | |
| La langue est l'organe du goût. - The tongue is the organ of taste. | |
| 4. n-m. appetite | |
| Le malade ne trouvait goût à rien. - The patient didn't find an appetite for anything. | |
| 5. n-m. smell, scent, odor | |
| Ce tabac a un goût de pourri. - This tobacco has a rotten smell. | |
| de |
| 1. prep. of (expresses belonging) | |
| Paris est la capitale de la France. - Paris is the capital of France. | |
| 2. prep. of (used to express property or association) | |
| Œuvres de Fermat - Fermat’s Works | |
| Elle est la femme de mon ami. - She is my friend’s wife. | |
| le voisin de Gabriel - Gabriel's neighbor | |
| 3. prep. from (used to indicate origin) | |
| Elle vient de France. - She comes from France. | |
| Êtes-vous de Suisse ? - Are you from Switzerland? | |
| Ce fromage vient d’Espagne. - This cheese is from Spain. | |
| C’est de l’ouest de la France. - It’s from the west of France. | |
| Le train va de Paris à Bordeaux. - The train goes from Paris to Bordeaux. | |
| 4. prep. of (indicates an amount) | |
| 5 kilos de pommes. - 5 kilograms of apples. | |
| Un verre de vin - A glass of wine | |
| Une portion de frites - A portion of fries | |
| 5. prep. used attributively, often translated into English as a compound word | |
| Un jus de pomme - Apple juice | |
| Un verre de vin - A glass of wine | |
| Une boîte de nuit - A nightclub | |
| Un chien de garde - A guarddog | |
| Une voiture de sport - A sportscar | |
| Un stade de football - A football stadium | |
| 6. prep. from (used to indicate the start of a time or range) | |
| De 9:00 à 11:00 je ne serai pas libre. - From 9 to 11 I won’t be free. | |
| Je travaille de huit heures à midi. - I work from 8 o'clock to noon. | |
| un groupe de cinq à huit personnes - a group of from five to eight people | |
| 7. prep. used after certain verbs before an infinitive, often translated into English as a gerund or an infinitive | |
| J’ai arrêté de fumer. - I stopped smoking. | |
| Il continue de m’embêter. - He keeps annoying me. | |
| Elle m’a dit de venir. - She told me to come. | |
| Nous vous exhortons de venir. - We urge you to come. | |
| 8. prep. by (indicates the amount of change) | |
| Boire trois tasses par jour réduirait de 20 % les risques de contracter une maladie. - Drinking three cups a day would reduce the risks of catching an illness by 20%. | |
| 9. art. Used in the plural with prepositioned adjectives. | |
| Ce sont de bons enfants. - They are good children. | |
| Il y a d’autres exemples. - There are other examples. | |
| 10. art. Used in negated sentences with the grammatical object. | |
| Elle n’a pas de mère. - She doesn’t have a mother. | |
| Il ne mange pas de viande. - He doesn’t eat meat. | |
| Il n’y a pas de problèmes. - There are no problems. | |
| 11. n-f. abbreviation of dame | |
| cannelle |
| 1. n-f. cinnamon (the spice) | |
| 2. adj. cinnamon (in colour) | |
| canneler |
|
| dans |
| 1. prep. (literal, figurative) in, inside (enclosed in a physical space, a group, a state) | |
| vieillir dans la misère - to grow old in poverty | |
| être dans l'infanterie - to be in the infantry | |
| avoir quelque chose dans la bouche - to have something in the mouth | |
| dans les circonstances d'une pandémie - under the circumstances of a pandemic | |
| Il habite dans le quartier le plus riche de Paris. - He lives in the richest district of Paris. | |
| Il nage comme un poisson dans l'eau. - He swims like a fish in the water. | |
| mettre l'argent dans la poche - to put money into one's pocket | |
| Bienvenue dans le meilleur bar de tout Paris. - Welcome to the best bar in all of Paris. | |
| 2. prep. to (indicates direction towards certain large subdivisions, see usage notes) | |
| Aujourd'hui, je vais dans le Maine, et demain, je vais dans l’État de New York. - Today, I'm going to Maine, and tomorrow, I'm going to New York. | |
| 3. prep. in, within (a longer period of time) | |
| Je serai prêt dans une heure. - I'll be ready in one hour. | |
| Il arrivera dans trois jours. - He will arrive in three days. | |
| 4. prep. (with respect to time) during | |
| dans un temps donné - during a given time | |
| dans ma jeunesse - in my youth | |
| 5. prep. out of, from | |
| boire dans une tasse - to drink from a cup | |
| Il prend le beurre dans le réfrigérateur. - He takes the butter out of the fridge. | |
| 6. prep. (metonymy) in; in the works of | |
| le marxisme dans Sartre - Marxism in the works of Sartre | |
| 7. prep. (colloquial) (Used in dans les) | |
| dans les trentes kilos - about thirty kilos | |
| dans les dix euros - about ten euros | |
| 8. n. plural of dan | |
| la |
| 1. art. the (definite article) | |
| 2. pron. her, it (direct object) | |
| Où est Judith ? Je ne la vois pas. - Where is Judith? I don't see her. | |
| Prends cette boîte et mets-la dans le coin. - Take that box and put it in the corner. | |
| 3. n-m. (music) la, the note 'A' | |
| sauce |
| 1. n-f. sauce | |
| saucer |
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