Component |
Pinyin |
Meanings |
老 |
lǎo |
1. old; aged; elderly |
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(ant, zh, 幼, 少) |
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老樹 - old tree |
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老 婦人 - old woman |
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人 老 了 記憶力 就 差 了。 - One's memory worsens when age increases. |
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2. old (as opposed to new); of long standing |
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(ant, zh, 新) |
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老 歌 - old song |
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老朋友 - old friend |
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3. outdated; old-fashioned |
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4. original; former |
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老 地方 - usual place |
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老 本行háng - original profession |
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5. the elderly; one's elders |
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敬老 - to respect the elderly |
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6. (Used after the surname of an old person to address a venerable old person) |
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王 老 - revered old Wang |
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7. (figurative) experienced |
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(ant, zh, 嫩) |
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老手 - an old hand |
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老兵 - veteran |
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8. (literary) to respect (the elderly, one's elders) |
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9. (of cooked food) overcooked; tough; stringy; hard |
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牛排 太 老 了,我 咬 不 動 它。 - The steak was so tough I couldn't eat it. |
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這 雞蛋 煮 老 了,你 沒 掌握 好 火候。 - This egg is hard; you didn't time it properly. |
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10. (of food or potable liquids) stale; not fresh |
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11. always; all the time |
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你 別 老 這樣! - Stop being always like this! |
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12. (chiefly dialectal) very; quite |
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老早 - very early |
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他 人 老 好 了。 - He is such a nice person! colloquial, somewhat regional |
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看到 儂 真個 老 開心。 (2khoe tau&3non&1tsen geq&3lau&1khe xin, SH) - I am really happy to see you. |
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13. (euphemistic, of an elderly person) to die; to pass away (usually with tr=le) |
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14. (affectionate, respectful) (Used before surnames to refer to heads or elder members of families.) |
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→ 小 (for younger people) |
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老 張 馬上 來 了,我 得děi 趕緊 收拾 一 下 屋 子。 - Old Zhang is going to be here any minute. I need to hurry up and straighten the room up a bit. |
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15. (usually respectful and affectionate) (Used by analogy in several other relationship terms.) |
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老師 - teacher |
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老婆 - wifey |
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老公 - hubby |
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16. (obsolete, originally, honorific) (Prefix for animals or people considered senior, fierce, and often awe-inspiring.) |
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老鷹 - eagle |
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老虎 - tiger |
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老鼠 - mouse, rat; (obsolete) bat |
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老狼 - (rare) elder and experienced wolf |
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老貓 - (rare) elder (potentially annoying) cat |
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老狐狸 - (surviving usage) elder, cunning and experienced fox |
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老傢夥 - |
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老東西 - |
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老雜碎 - |
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17. (colloquial) (Used before nouns, especially names of ethnicities, places and countries, to form nouns.) |
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老外 - foreigner; (pejorative) layman, one who lacks knowledge of a subject |
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老美 - Yank |
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老表 - a friend (direct speech, may be intimate or offensive depending on provinces) |
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老毛子zi - (pejorative) Russian person |
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老蒙古 - (pejorative) Mongols |
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老北京 - indigenous Beijing person |
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老山東 - indigenous Shandong person |
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老西兒r - (affectionate) Shanxi person |
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老回回 - Hui person (affectionate in some cases, pejorative in other cases, never neutral, depend on the region, speaker, listener situation and speaking mood) |
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18. Short for 老子, Laozi; Lao Tzu |
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19. (Mainland China, Hong Kong) Short for 老撾, Laos |
子 |
zǐ |
1. (literary) child; offspring | |
2. son |
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獨生子 - dúshēngzǐ - only son |
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愛子 - àizǐ - beloved son |
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一 子 一 女 - yī zǐ yī nǚ - one son and one daughter |
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3. (literary) descendant; posterity |
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4. (Christianity) the Son |
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5. (in compounds) person |
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女子 (nǚzǐ) - female; woman |
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6. (literary) master; teacher |
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7. (literary) A respectful title for teachers, usually attached after their surnames. |
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孔子 (Kǒngzǐ) - Master Kong (Confucius) |
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老子 (Lǎozǐ) - Laozi |
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8. (literary, polite) you |
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9. Alternative form of 籽 (seed); also its second-round simplified form. |
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葵花子 (kuíhuāzǐ) - sunflower seed |
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10. egg |
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魚子 (yúzǐ) - caviar |
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11. young; tender; small |
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12. Prefix attached to nouns, denoting "a part of", "belonging to" or "individual". sub- |
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子目錄 (zǐmùlù) - subdirectory |
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13. (astrology) First earthly branch: rat in the Chinese zodiac, 11th solar month, midnight (11:00 pm to 1:00 am) |
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14. (historical) viscount (fourth of five ranks of Chinese aristocracy under the Zhou dynasty) |
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15. (physics, biology) -on |
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16. (Min Nan) grain-like object; particle; granule |
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17. (Min Nan, music) rhythm |
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18. (Min Nan) |
zi |
19. Suffix: |
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20. Used to nominalize. |
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21. 瓶子zi - píngzi - bottle |
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22. 刷子zi - shuāzi - brush |
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23. 胖子zi - pàngzi - fat person |
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24. (colloquial) Used in some classifiers. |
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25. 一下子zi - yīxiàzi - all of a sudden |
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26. small, round object |
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算盤子jí (sǹg-pôaⁿ-jí) - abacus bead, MN |
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27. (Xiamen, Quanzhou) |
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28. (Zhangzhou, Taiwan) |