| Component | Pinyin | Meanings |
|---|---|---|
| 地理 | dìlǐ | 1. n. geography |
| 地理 信息 工程 - geographic information engineering | ||
| 2. n. geographical features; topography | ||
| 3. n. (literary) address | ||
| 4. n. (chiefly dialectal Mandarin Hakka Min) fengshui | ||
| 5. n. (classical) terrestrial organization | ||
| 6. adj. (attributive) geographical | ||
| 地理 位置 - geographical location |
| Component | Pinyin | Meanings |
|---|---|---|
| 地 | dì | 1. earth |
| 天地 - heaven and earth | ||
| 2. ground; floor | ||
| 水泥 地 - concrete floor | ||
| 這 匹 馬 倒 在 地上shang。 - The horse collapsed to the ground. | ||
| 銀包 跌 咗 落 地。 - The wallet fell on the ground. | ||
| 趴 喺 地dei6-2 - to lie on the floor on one's stomach | ||
| 3. land; field | ||
| 低地 - lowland | ||
| 呢nei1 塊 地 - this plot of land | ||
| 4. distance; separation | ||
| 車站 離 這 三 里 地。 - The bus stop is three miles away. | ||
| 5. farmland; field | ||
| 田間 地頭 - farmland | ||
| 下地 幹活 - to farm | ||
| 6. (only in compounds) area; region | ||
| 本地 - local | ||
| 殖民地 - colony | ||
| 7. place; locality | ||
| 地處chǔ - located in | ||
| 目的地 - destination | ||
| 分居 兩 地 - to live apart in two different places | ||
| 8. status; situation; position | ||
| 不敗之地 - invincible position | ||
| 設身處chǔ地 - put oneself in somebody else’s position | ||
| 9. (only in compounds) state of mind | ||
| 心地 - mind | ||
| 見地 - perspective, opinion | ||
| 10. place; room; space | ||
| 家 裡 沒 地兒r 了 - There is no room in my home (for that). | ||
| 11. background (behind a text or figure) | ||
| 白地黑字 - black characters on a white background - | ||
| 12. (only in compounds) Short for 地球, Earth | ||
| 地 日 距離 - Earth–Sun distance | ||
| 類 地 行星 - terrestrial planet | ||
| 13. (Hakka) grave; tomb | ||
| 蛤gé地 站 - Gedi station (蛤地 means "frog-shaped tomb") | ||
| 14. (Mainland China) prefecture | ||
| 地級市 - prefecture-level city | ||
| de, di | 15. (chiefly Mandarin) (Particle indicating the preceding word is used as an adverb.) | |
| (Alternative form 的, 底 obsolete, c=1) | ||
| 很 快 地de - very quickly | ||
| 一個 一 歲 模樣 的 孩子zi 向 我們 蹣跚 地de 走來。 - A roughly one-year-old child came staggering towards us. | ||
| 佢 偷偷 地dei6-2 走 咗 喇。 - He secretly left. | ||
| 你 靜靜zing6-2 地dei6-2 坐 喺度 喇 吓。 - Sit here quietly, OK? | ||
| 16. (Cantonese) (Placed after a reduplicated adjective or stative verb to lessen its intensity.) | ||
| 紅 紅hung4-2 地dei6-2 - kind of red | ||
| 薄 薄bok6-2 地dei6-2 - kind of thin | ||
| 驚 驚 地dei6-2 - to be kind of scared | ||
| 矮 矮 地dei6-2 - kind of short | ||
| 17. =====Usage notes===== | ||
| 18. (Hokkien, Teochew) Alternative form of 塊 (-, t=place) | ||
| 19. (Taiwanese Hokkien) Alternative form of 塊 (-, t=home) | ||
| 20. Variant of 哋 | 理 | lǐ | 1. (obsolete) to cut and polish jade |
| 2. to put in order; to tidy up | ||
| 整理 (zhěnglǐ) - to tidy | ||
| 把 頭髮 理 一 理 (bǎ tóufà lǐ yī lǐ) - to get a haircut | ||
| 3. to manage; to run; to handle | ||
| 理財 (lǐcái) - to manage money matters | ||
| 4. (usually in negative) to pay attention to; to care about | ||
| 他們 不 理 我。 (Tāmen bù lǐ wǒ.) - They are ignoring me. | ||
| 佢 連 自己 個 仔 都 唔 理。 - He doesn't care about even his own son. | ||
| 5. (Cantonese) to concern oneself with; to interfere with | ||
| Synonyms: cmn:管 | ||
| 6. texture; grain (of wood) | ||
| 肌理 (jīlǐ) - skin texture | ||
| 7. reason; logic; truth; science | ||
| 真理 (zhēnlǐ) - truth | ||
| 講理 (jiǎnglǐ) - to be reasonable | ||
| 8. natural science | ||
| 理科 (lǐkē) - the sciences | ||
| 數理化 (shùlǐhuà) - mathematics, physics and chemistry | ||
| 9. (obsolete) envoy; jail-official; matchmaker |
| Component | Pinyin | Meanings |
|---|---|---|
| 土 | tǔ | 1. earth; soil |
| 土堆 - mound; hillock | ||
| 這兒r 的 土 夠 肥 的。 - The soil here is quite fertile. | ||
| 2. (dialectal) dust | ||
| 3. land | ||
| 國土 - territory | ||
| 寸土不讓 - to not give up a single inch of one's territory | ||
| 4. crude opium | ||
| 煙土 - crude opium | ||
| 5. hometown; native place | ||
| 故土 - native land; native place | ||
| 6. local; native; indigenous | ||
| 土著 - aboriginal | ||
| 土話 - local dialect | ||
| 7. rustic; unsophisticated; uncouth; vulgar; tasteless; uncultured | ||
| 我 覺得 東北話 實在 太 土 了。 - I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic. | ||
| 8. indigenous; traditional and used by the common people | ||
| 土法 - traditional method used by the common people; indigenous method | ||
| 土 槍 - gun manufactured using indigenous methods | ||
| 9. the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol | ||
| 10. Short for 土耳其, Turkey | ||
| 俄 土 戰爭 - Russo-Turkish War | ||
| tú | 11. Only used in 土門 (tr=Túmén) | |
| 12. Simplified form of 士 | 也 | yě | 1. also; too; as well; (in negative sentences) neither; either |
| 我 也 去 了。 - I also went. | ||
| 我 也 是 中國人。 - I am Chinese too. | ||
| 你 如果 不 去，我 也 不 去。 - If you don't go, I won't either. | ||
| 我 也 沒有 看見 過 它。 - I haven't seen it either. | ||
| 2. (Used for emphasis.) | ||
| 這 也 太 不像話 了。 - This is way too outrageous. | ||
| 3. (With object fronting.) | ||
| 4. 他 飯 也 不 吃，覺 也 不 睡。 - (Disappointingly) he neither eats nor sleeps. | ||
| 5. (Used in the (m, zh, 連……也……) constructions for stronger emphasis. Interchangeable with 都.) even | ||
| 6. 他 連 畜生 也 不如，連 自己 的 父母 也 不 養活。 - He is no better than an animal, because he doesn't even support his own parents. | ||
| 7. (Used in the (m, zh, 再……也……) concessive constructions.) still, anyway, nevertheless | ||
| 8. 你 再 聰明，也 回答 不了liǎo 這 個 問題。 - No matter how smart you are, you won't be able to answer this question. | ||
| 9. (Classical) (Particle used at the end of copular constructions involving a nominal predicate;) to be (although not grammatically a verb) | ||
| 我 亦 人 也。 - I am a person, too. | ||
| 其 西 有 大 山，天下 至 高 者 也。 - In the west there are great mountains, which are the tallest in the world. | ||
| 10. (Often used more loosely than the English copula to indicate a cause or relation.) | ||
| 11. (Classical) (Topic-marking particle used at the end of noun phrases.) | ||
| Synonyms: 者 | ||
| 12. when, at the time of; (especially commonly used for temporal topics, often as (m, zh, 及其……也).) | ||
| 13. (Classical) (Verb phrase-final particle marking continuous aspect, especially common for assertions of unchanging fact.) | ||
| 14. (Teochew) if | ||
| 15. . Ye |
| Component | Pinyin | Meanings |
|---|---|---|
| 王 | wáng | 1. king; monarch |
| 國王 - king (of a nation) | ||
| 周 成 王 - King Cheng of Zhou | ||
| 這 位 男孩 被 擁立 為wéi 王。 - The boy was proclaimed king. | ||
| 2. duke; prince | ||
| 王侯 - nobles; aristocrats, lit=princes and marquises | ||
| 親王 - prince | ||
| 秦 王 李 世-民 - Li Shimin, the Prince of Qin | ||
| 3. best or strongest of its kind | ||
| 拳王 - boxing champion | ||
| 百獸 之 王 是 獅子 還是 老虎？ - Is the lion or the tiger the king of beasts? | ||
| 4. chief; head; ringleader | ||
| 擒賊先擒王 - to defeat the enemy, first catch their chief | ||
| 5. (chess) king | ||
| 6. (graph theory) king (a vertex in a directed graph which can reach every other vertex via a path with a length of at most 2) | ||
| 任意 競賽圖 都 有 一 個 王。 - In every tournament there exists a king. | ||
| Wang; Wong; Ong; Heng | ||
| 王 勃 - Wang Bo (Tang dynasty poet) | ||
| 王 延-政 - Wang Yanzheng (Emperor of Min) | 里 | lǐ | 1. li (a unit of distance equal to half a kilometre in modern Mainland China) |
| 公里 - kilometre | ||
| 2. neighbourhood (formal or informal grouping of adjacent dwellings; the size vary according to different historical sources) | ||
| 鄰里 - neighbours | ||
| 3. urban village (an administrative unit in the Republic of China) | ||
| 4. village (an administrative unit in South Korea and North Korea) | ||
| 5. lane (a type of road in Hong Kong) | ||
| 6. (Xiang) (Particle indicating the word preceding it is used as an adverb.) | ||
| 7. Simplified form of 裡 |
| Component | Pinyin | Meanings |
|---|---|---|
| 乜 | miē | 1. (Cantonese, Min Nan) what |
| 要 啲 乜？ - What do you want? | ||
| 愛 乜個？ - tr=ain3 mih4 gai5?, What do you want?, MN-T | ||
| 2. (Cantonese) anything; everything | ||
| 乜 都 得 - anything goes | ||
| 3. (Cantonese) why; how come | ||
| 乜 你 咁 傻 㗎？ - How come you're so stupid? | ||
| 4. (Cantonese) (Used at the beginning of a question to give a rhetorical effect.) | ||
| 乜 你 未 食飯 㗎gaa4？ - So you haven't eaten yet? | ||
| 乜 仲 未 有 佢 嘅 消息 咩？ - So we still don't have any news about him? | ||
| 5. =====Usage notes===== | ||
| 6. In Teochew, when used to mean "what", this word should always be immediately followed by a noun. Otherwise, use 乜個. | ||
| miē | 7. to narrow one's eyes and squint | |
| Niè, Miě | 8. , listed 388th in the Baijiaxing | |
| 9. (dialectal Mandarin) that | ||
| 10. (Hakka) also | 丨 | gǔn | 1. line |
| 2. be through up and down |